Research Beyond Borders by Lise-Hélène Smith

Author:Lise-Hélène Smith
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780739143575
Publisher: Lexington Books

NOTES

1 E. O. Wilson, The Diversity of Life (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988).

2 World Resources Institute, United Nations Environment Programme, and The World Conservation Union, National Biodiversity Planning: Guidelines Based on Early Experiences around the World (Baltimore: World Resources Institute, 1995).

3 Ricardo Godoy, Indians, Markets, and Rainforests: Theory, Methods, Analysis (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001), C. A. Peres and I. R. Lake, “Extent of Nontimber Resource Extraction in Tropical Forests: Accessibility to Game Vertebrates by Hunters in the Amazon Basin,” Conservation Biology 17, no. 2 (2003), David S. Wilkie et al., “Role of Prices and Wealth in Consumer Demand for Bushmeat in Gabon, Central Africa,” Conservation Biology 19, no. 1 (2005).

4 P. Marcoy, Travels in South America: From the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean (New York: Scribner, Armstrong and Co., 1875).

5 Ibid, R. Spruce, ed., Notes of a Botanist on the Amazon and Andes (London: Macmillan and Company, Ltd., 1908), N. J. H. Smith, “Aquatic Turtles of Amazonia: An Endangered Resource,” Biological Conservation 16, no. 3 (1979), Z. Castro de León, “Geografía Histórica De La Tortuga Del Orinoco” (Universidad Central de Venezuela, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación, Escuela de Historia, 1986), P. C. H. Pritchard and P. Trebbau, The Turtles of Venezuela (Oxford, Ohio: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 1984), A. D. Johns, “Continuing Problems for Amazon River Turtles,” Oryx 21, no. 1 (1987), P. Ergueta and C. de Morales, Libro Rojo De Los Vertebrados De Bolivia (Gland, Switzerland: International Union for the Conservation of Nature, 1996), J. Ojasti, Wildlife Utilization in Latin America: Current Situation and Prospects for Sustainable Management (FAO, 1996).

6 I use pseudonyms for all rivers, places and people’s names throughout.

7 (e.g., A. Bebbington, R. Peet, and M. Watts, in Movements, Modernizations, and Markets: Indigenous Organizations and Agrarian Strategies in Ecuador (London: Routledge, 1996).

8 J. Caballero Guerrero, “Comparacion De Cuatro Tratamientos De Manejo Para La Proteccion De La Peta De Agua (Podocnemis Unifilis), Troschel 1840, Y Estimación De La Supervivencia De Las Crias En Las Playas Del Río Itenéz” (Universidad Autonoma “Gabriel Rene Moreno,” 1996), Ministerio de Desarollo Sostenible y Medio Ambiente, Plan De Manejo Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado (Santa Cruz, Bolivia: Fundación Amigos de Ia Naturaleza and The Nature Conservancy, 1996).

9 I asked this question to people who had answered “fewer” to the question “How does the number of turtles today compare with ten years ago?”

10 Hypotheses: H1: turtles will be less abundant closer to human communities. H2: there will be more turtles at Las Petas (less hunting pressure) than at Chacarilla (more hunting pressure). H3: turtles will be smaller closer to human communities than farther away. H4: there is greater market consumption of turtle protein in Chacarilla than Palo Verde and greater subsistence consumption of turtle protein in Palo Verde than in Chacarilla. H5 there is a negative correlation between wealth and turtle protein sale/trade such that as personal wealth increases, the consumption of turtle protein decreases.

11 Subsistence use of turtles was defined as consumption within or between households as gifts and not as payment for services.

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