Global Governance, Global Government by Cabrera Luis;

Author:Cabrera, Luis; [Cabrera]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 3407229
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Published: 2011-04-29T00:00:00+00:00

Notes

1. Shachar further explains that the terms identity groups “can also apply to other types of minority groups, such as those organized primarily along ethnic, racial, tribal, or national-origin lines, as long as their members hare a comprehensive and distinguishable worldview that extends to creating a law for the community. … For the purposes of this discussion, such groups will be said to share a unique history and collective memory, a distinct culture, a set of social norms, customs, and traditions, or perhaps an experience of maltreatment by mainstream society or oppression by the state, all of which may give rise to a set of group specific rules or practices” (2).

2. See Christine Keating, Decolonizing Democracy, forthcoming. The phenomenon of compensatory domination—that is, of people agreeing to be ruled in order to rule—has also been well documented in regard to relations of class, race, and gender in political life in the United States. For example, Joel Olson (2004) argues that poor whites and white women agree to obey terms and conditions of a political order that benefits the rich and men because of their stakes in the racial privileges accorded to them as whites in a racial state (2004). Likewise, Andrea Smith (2005) suggests that U.S. authorities secured obedience from indigenous groups in part by appealing to and consolidating masculinist power within these groups.

3. Caste in India is a system of stratification that is hereditary and is based on endogamy (intergroup marriage). One's caste, or jati, is associated with one's occupation, and upper castes tend to hold profound material, social, and political power over lower castes. Although primarily associated with Hinduism, there are some Muslims and Christians who also adhere to the caste system. For an excellent discussion of the relationship between caste and gender in India, see Chakravarti (2003).

4. According to the 2001 census, approximately 80 percent of the population are Hindu, 13 percent are Muslim, 2 percent are Christian, and almost 2 percent are Sikhs. There are also a significant number of adherents of Buddhism Jainism, Animism, Zoroastrianism, and Judaism. Although the right to freedom of religion is a fundamental right in the Constitution, which calls for the equal treatment and tolerance of all religions, communalism—conflicts between religious groups—has often marked postcolonial politics.

5. Members of tribal groups—called adivasis—constitute approximately 8.2 percent of the population. These groups are recognized in the constitution as eligible for affirmative action measures.

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