Civil-Military Relations in Communist Systems by Dale R. Herspring & Ivan Volgyes

Author:Dale R. Herspring & Ivan Volgyes [Herspring, Dale R. & Volgyes, Ivan]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: History, Former Soviet Republics, Europe, Russia & the Former Soviet Union
ISBN: 9780891581659
Google: BCiDAAAAMAAJ
Goodreads: 5255719
Publisher: Westview Press
Published: 1978-09-21T00:00:00+00:00

The opinions expressed here are those of the author and do not represent official State Department policy. I would like to express my appreciation to Jim Morrison, Jerzy Wiatr, and John Scanlan, who read and commented on earlier versions of this chapter.

Notes

1. Roman Kolkowicz, The Soviet Military and the Communist Party (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1967), pp. 34-35.

2. Dale R. Herspring, East German Civil-Military Relations: The Impact of Technology, 1949-1972 (New York: Praeger, 1973).

3. Walter Ulbricht, "Der Kampf um den Frieden fur den Sieg des Sozialismus, fiir die Nationale Wiedergeburt Deutschlands als friedliebender demokratischer Staat" (The struggle for freedom, for the victory of socialism, for the national rebirth of Germany as a peace-loving democratic state), Protokoll der Verhandlungen des V. Parteitages der Sozialistischen Einheitspartei Deutschlands (Protocol of the proceedings of the Fifth Party Conference of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany) (Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1959), vol. 1, p. 111. All translations of German and Polish sources are by the author.

4. See Dale R. Herspring, "Technology and the Changing Political Officer in the Armed Forces: The Polish and East German Cases," Studies in Comparative Communism 10, no. 3 (Autumn 1977).

5. "Kurz und Knapp" (Succinct and concise), Volksarmee (People's Army), no. 9 (1969):7.

6. Detailed citations for these figures, which include only those years for which data are available, are not provided here because of considerations of space.

7. It should be noted, however, that technical level is not necessarily the same as the level of combat efficiency. It is conceivable, for example, for one military force to be more technical than the other, but not so efficient or so well trained.

8. See, for example, Stanisfaw Gac, "Die Entwicklung der polnischen Armee zu einter modernen Koalitionsarmee (1949-1970)" (The development of the Polish army into a modern coalition army, 1949-1970), Militargeschichte (Military history), no. 6 (1972):651-661. A review by the author of some of the articles mentioning this term in both the East German and Polish military press indicates that they use it similarly.

9. Division General WJodzimierz Sawczuk, "Partia—tworcj, organizatorem i wychowawcj Ludowego Wojska Polskiego" (The Party—creator, organizer, and educator of the Polish People's Army), Wojsko Ludowe (People's army), no. 10 (1973):23-24. For the 1948 figures, see Major Marian Jurek, "Dorobek XX-Lecia ludowego korpusu oficerskiego" (The achievements of the twenty years of existence of the People's Officer Corps), Wojsko Ludowe, no. 7 (1964):44.

10. Ibid., p. 40.

11. Major Zygmunt Ksijski, "Z naszych doswiadczeri pracy nad wychowaniem oficera i podoficera" (From our experience in educating officers and NCOs), Wojsko Ludowe, no. 2 (1950):75.

12. "W myśl wskazan II Zjazdu Partii" (According to the directives of the Second Party Congress), Wojsko Ludowe, no. 5 (1954): 15.

13. "Zapewnic przodujaca role czlonkow partii w szkoleniu i sluzbie" (Secure the leading role of Party members in schooling and service), Wojsko Ludowe, no. 6 (1954):8.

14. Lieutenant H. Mrozek, "Z doświadzceń pracy komisji partyjnej" (From the experiences of a Party commission), Wojsko Ludowe, no. 7 (1956):88.

15. Lieutenant Stanisfaw Zieliński, "Jak przygotowujf kierowników grup do zajeć politycznych" (How 1 prepare the group leaders for political work), Wojsko Ludowe, no.

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