Agrarian Transformation in Western India: Economic Gains and Social Costs by B. B. Mohanty

Author:B. B. Mohanty [Mohanty, B. B.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Rural, Developing & Emerging Countries, Social Science, Political Science, Sociology, General
ISBN: 9780429753336
Google: mndyDwAAQBAJ
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Published: 2018-10-11T06:16:54+00:00

On the other hand, a group of scholars of neoliberal orientation subscribed to the view that though the effects of neoliberal reforms created opportunities for employment in the urban-industrial sector, the surplus labouring poor in rural India were unable to take up these employment opportunities due to a lack of necessary human capital. In their view, those who migrated from rural-to-urban areas were mainly the richer ones (Dubey et al. 2006; Srivastava 2011; Kundu and Saraswati 2012).

Yet a number of micro-level studies indicated circular or seasonal labour migration due to poverty and deprivation (Reddy 1990; Breman 1996; de Haan 2002; Deshingkar 2006). It is argued that migrant labourers remained footloose, a phenomenon which has led to the continual circulation rather than the permanent out-migration of workers from the countryside. Based on a series of studies in western India, Breman (2010: 3) writes,

A large number of people who leave the villages nowadays do not “arrive” in the cities. To the extent their mobility is intra-rural in nature, it is usually only for the duration of a season; they return to their place of origin when their presence is no longer required. Thus, labour migration usually labour circulation. My field work for the last half century has focused on the coming and going of these people in south Gujarat.

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