The Last Kings of Macedonia and the Triumph of Rome by Ian Worthington

Author:Ian Worthington
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2022-06-15T00:00:00+00:00

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1. Livy 32.28.10.

2. Hammond and Walbank 1988, p. 428.

3. Hammond and Walbank 1988, p. 431 n. 1, citing sources.

4. Livy 33.3.1–5. On this conscription diagramma, cf. Hatzopoulos 2001, pp. 25, 34, and 110; Sekunda 2013, pp. 104–105.

5. Ages: Hatzopoulos 2001, pp. 99–107.

6. Hammond 1989, p. 62, with references.

7. Hatzopoulos 1996, vol. 2, no. 14, pp. 38–39.

8. Livy 32.38.1–39.1, with Walbank 1940, pp. 163–164.

9. Livy 32.39.1–39.11. Walbank 1940, p. 166 n. 2, questions the four-month period.

10. On his route and strategy, see Hammond 1988, pp. 60–61.

11. Importance of cities: Hammond 1988, p. 61.

12. Errington 1971a, pp. 144–151; Hammond and Walbank 1988, p. 432.

13. Livy 33.2. Date: Hammond 1988, p. 61 n. 3.

14. Livy 33.21.1.

15. Numbers and route: Walbank 1940, p. 67. Walbank 1940, p. 167 n. 4, proposed that the Cretan soldiers were what Nabis still owed Philip (cf. Livy 31.18.9), but see Briscoe 1973, p. 252, that the men from Apollonia are from Illyria and not the Apollonia in Crete. Also on numbers cf. Briscoe 1973, pp. 253–254.

16. There is controversy because of conflicting accounts in the ancient sources on the geography and events in the next stages of the campaign and the actual battle site on one of the passes between Eretria and Scotussa. I follow the account of Hammond 1988, pp. 68–72, which is based on his observations from personally walking this region, with his fig. 2 on the site of battle; see too Walbank 1940, pp. 168–170; cf. Walbank 1967, pp. 576–581.

17. Polybius 18.19.3; Livy 3.3.11–14.3.

18. Hammond 1988, p. 63.

19. Livy 33.6.7–8.

20. Polybius 18.19.9–12.

21. On feeding horses and the problems faced, cf. Karunanithy 2013, pp. 64–66.

22. Polybius 18.20.1–2; Livy 33.6.8–9, and see Hammond 1988, p. 63; Hammond and Walbank 1988, p. 435.

23. Polybius 18.20.3–5, and see Hammond 1988, pp. 63–64.

24. Livy 18.20.6; Livy 33.6.11. Location: Hammond 1988, p. 65; cf. Hammond and Walbank 1988, pp. 437–438.

25. Polybius 18.20.6; Livy 33.6.11.

26. Hammond 1988, p. 65.

27. Hammond 1988, pp. 68–72.

28. Polybius 18.20.7; Livy 33.6.12; Plutarch, Flamininus 8.1.

29. Polybius 18.20.8–9; Livy 33.7.1–3.

30. Polybius 18.21.1–8; Livy 33.7.4–8.

31. May: Hammond 1988, p. 66. June: Walbank 1940, pp. 322–323 (though conceding on p. 322 that at the latest it was “in late May or early June”).

32. On the identification of the ridges based on his personal reconnaissance, see Hammond 1988, pp. 67–72 and 80–81; cf. Hammond and Walbank 1988, pp. 437–440.

33. Polybius 18.21–26; Livy 33.7.6–10.5; Plutarch, Flamininus 8; Pausanias 7.8.7; Justin 30.4; Zonaras 9.16, with Walbank 1940, pp. 170–172; Walbank 1967, pp. 581–585; Briscoe 1973, pp. 256–266; Hammond 1988, pp. 72–76; Hammond and Walbank 1988, pp. 432–443; Matyszak 2009, pp. 91–94; Waterfield 2014, pp. 89–93.

34. Hammond and Walbank 1988, pp. 432–433 with n. 1 (p. 433), citing bibliography.

35. Livy 33.4.4–6, though his number of 600 for the Aetolian infantry is incorrect, while Plutarch, Flamininus 7.2, speaks of 6,000 and the Roman army as over 26,000. On numbers on both sides, see Walbank 1940, pp. 167–168; Hammond 1988, pp. 65–66; cf. Briscoe 1973, pp. 253–254; Hammond and Walbank 1988, pp. 436–437.

36. Polybius 18.

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