The U.S. And Mexico: Borderland Development and the National Economies by Lay J Gibson & Alfonso Corona Rentería

Author:Lay J Gibson & Alfonso Corona Rentería [Gibson, Lay J & Rentería, Alfonso Corona]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: International Relations, Trade & Tariffs, Political Science, General
ISBN: 9781000270600
Google: FgeiDwAAQBAJ
Goodreads: 49788960
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2019-07-11T00:00:00+00:00

Notes

1. The exception is the textile industry, whose exports are subject to the imposition of quotas by the United States. In that industry, assembly plants must have at least 51 percent Mexican ownership, the usual minimum ownership requirement for economic activities in Mexico.

2. Michael Van Waas, "The Multinationals' Strategy for Labor: Foreign Assembly Plants in Mexico's Border Industrialization Program" (Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, March 1981), note 253, pp. 195-96.

3. According to official Mexican census data, open unemployment in 1970 was 4.2 percent at the border as against 3.8 percent for the country. See Joaquin Xirau Icaza and Miguel Díaz, Nuestra dependencia fronteriza, Archivo del Fondo 48 (Fondo de Cultura Economica Mexico, 1976), Table 11. Since these figures do not include those seeking work for the first time, they are underestimates.

4. Jorge A. Bustamante, "El Programa Fronterizo," pp. 186-87. See also Van Waas, The Multinationals' Strategy, p. 195; Comercio Exterior de Mexico 24, 6 (May 1978), p. 208; Donald Baerresen, The Border Industrialization Program of Mexico (Lexington Books, 1971), p. 35; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Ways and Means, Hearings, June 4, 1970, "Exhibit H," p. 3286; and Actualidad, a Mexican monthly review, 2, 7 (May 1, 1981), p. 14,

5. Surely a higher proportion of Mexican wages near the border was spent in the United States during the 1970s when the value of the peso was relatively high than after the 1982 devaluation when the U.S. dollar became expensive for Mexicans.

6. Banco de Mexico, Indicadores Económicos, various issues.

7. Maquila exports are included in the "service" rather than the merchandise export category in Mexico's balance of payments statistics. They therefore do not correspond to U.S. import statistics under tariff items 807 and 806. The latter include U.S. and other non-Mexican components as well as the Mexican value added. The dutiable value of 807/806 imports should reflect Mexican value added plus non-Mexican and non-U.S. components. Mexican maquila exports data include Mexican assembly exports to all destinations, not only to the United States. For these reasons, statistical discrepancies will emerge between U.S. and Mexican data. In addition there are the usual discrepancies between f.o.b. and c.i.f. values, and because of lags in the recording of transactions, as well as because some U.S. 807/806 imports come from Mexican assembly plants not under the maquila regime (plants that are in a free zone and prefer to export under the free zone regime) and therefore are not listed in Mexican maquila statistics. On the other hand, there are maquila exports which contain no U.S. components or otherwise do not qualify for 807 or 806 U.S. tariff exemptions, and therefore are not listed in U.S. data.

8. For the definition of nontraditional exports see UN ECLA, Economic Survey of Latin America, various issues.

9. Airgrams from the U.S. Embassy of Mexico: A-265 dated June 4, 1971; A-388 dated June 30, 1972; and A-61 of February 14, 1973; as well as SPP unpublished tables.

The largest-size plants tend to be located in modern industrial parks; in Ciudad Juarez, where the country's largest

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