The Prehistoric Foundations of Europe to the Mycenean Age by C.F.C. Hawkes

Author:C.F.C. Hawkes [Hawkes, C.F.C.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781138817913
Barnesnoble:
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Published: 2016-10-18T00:00:00+00:00

Fig. 20

CORDED WARE AND OTHER POTTERY, STONE BATTLE-AXES, AND HAMMER-HEADED PIN

1–4, Saxo-Thuringian Corded Ware and amphora; 5, Facetted stone battle-axe; 6, Stone battle-axe, Yverdon, Lake Neuchâtel (pp. 219–31, 249); 7, Egg-shaped corded pot, pit-grave, Kharkov, Ukraine (p. 221), 8, Corded beaker of early Single-grave type, Jutland (p. 218); 9, Globe-flask (globe-amphora), Central Germany (p. 227); 10, Bone hammer-headed pin from passage-grave, Frejlev, Lolland, Denmark (pp. 222–3); 11, Stone knobhammer axe, Central Europe (p. 246); 12, Fatyanovo stone battle-axe, Central Russia (p. 224).

Scales: 1–4, 6, ; 5, 7–9, ; 10, ; 11–12, .

In this region of Poland the mixture of Globe-amphora, Corded-ware, and Funnel-beaker elements took a particularly fertile form in what is known as the Złota culture. All three traditions are manifest in the pottery, side by side at first (the funnel-beaker kept for domestic use) and then blending; crescent-handled pottery recalling Moravia and Galicia (p. 209) appears too, since the culture ran a parallel course to the Danubian Copper Age, but in its initial phase, around 2100 B.C., this area witnessed the start of the northward movements of invasion which carried the ‘boat’ type of battle-axe and round-bodied cord-ornamented pottery to the Baltic, just as at the same time (p. 217) the Saxo-Thuringian warrior invasion carried to Holstein and Jutland the battle-axes and corded beakers of the Single-grave culture. It is often said that the Fatyanovo culture of Central Russia also originated with a migration from Poland, but its pottery lacks the Corded-beaker element prominent at Złota, and is far more purely in the Globe-amphora tradition, while we have already seen how directly its drooping-bladed battle-axes point to the south and the Caucasus. In fact, recognition of west-to-east connexions across the Russian forests, attested, e.g., by the spread of ‘boat-axes’ (p. 227), leaves the actual origin of the Fatyanovo people to be accounted for in the main by movement straight from the south, by which a group of steppe warriors brought the battle-axe, corded globular pottery, and ochre-burial to dominate the primitive comb-ware population of forested Russia. The tradition so set up there had a long life, and played a leading part in the Russian Bronze Age and even later; but the distinct invasions of the Baltic lands from Poland had a different though analogous history. Round-bodied corded pottery appears first on the southern Baltic coast in East Prussia, and the island of Bornholm has produced not only derivative pot-forms but boat-shaped battle-axes which take us further oversea to the ‘Boat-axe culture’ which thus invaded the south of Sweden. The course of its development there must be described later, but Pl VII, 13 shows its highly specialized form of boat-axe, with metal-derived ‘seam’ and shaft-tube, and the round-bodied pots which with this and the thick-butted flint axe characterize its earth-dug single-graves look to Poland, not only in their shape but the wavelike arrangement of their earlier cord-ornament. Finally, east of the Baltic a similar movement passed up the coast to Finland, where fringed-pattern corded pottery, distinct from the Swedish

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.