Stolen Inheritance by Clarke Desmond;

Author:Clarke, Desmond;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Austin Macauley Publishers
Published: 2019-10-17T00:00:00+00:00

The Anglo-Spanish War

On August 3, 1553, Mary entered London in triumph as Queen of England and soon returned the country to Catholicism. Mary married Philip II of Spain on his father’s, Charles V, abdication in 1556 and assumed the title of “Philip and Mary, by the Grace of God, King and Queen of England, Spain, France, Jerusalem, both the Scillies and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, Archdukes of Austria, Dukes of Burgundy, Milan and Brabant, Counts of Habsburg, Flanders, and Tyrol.” Mary also became “Queen of the Spanish East and West Indies and of the Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea.” In England, Elizabeth Tudor cleared the way to become Queen, by signing the death warrant of her half-sister Mary on February 1, 1557, the daughter of Katherine of Aragon (1485–1536) and Henry VIII (1491–1547). Elizabeth Tudor (1533–1603) was crowned Queen at Westminster Abbey on Sunday, January 15, 1559 – the daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn (1501–1536), who was beheaded on Tower Green on Friday, May 19, 1536, on what was widely seen as trump-up charges of treason, adultery, and incest with her brother George Boleyn (c.1503–1536), who was also executed. The Act of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity made attendance at church compulsory for all and the 1552 Prayer Book in English was the only religious liturgy allowed in England and Wales. In the name of Elizabeth I, more than two hundred Catholics and their priests were executed during her forty-four-year reign – butchered on the scaffold as traitors to her Crown. This created a schism with Rome and aided an expensive nineteen-year war with Spain.

On February 25, 1570, Pope Pius V (1504–1572) signed the papal bull Regnans in Excelsis, which excommunicated Elizabeth I – “that servant of all iniquity.” Pope Pius had instructed Elizabeth’s Catholic subjects that to obey her or her laws would automatically invoke their excommunication – “utter separation from the unity of the body of Christ.” Elizabeth I countered with the Second Treasons Act of 1570, which made it a crime to imagine, invent, devise, or intend the death or destruction, or any bodily harm to the queen, or to deprive or dispose her from the style, honor or kingly name of the imperial Crown of this realm.’ It was also treasonous to claim that Elizabeth was a “heretic, schismatic, tyrant, infidel, or a usurper of the Crown.” It was a criminal act to import papal bull or writings, instruments and other superstitious things from the See of Rome. According to Hutchinson (2013), in the spring of 1582, a plan was considered by Walsingham to transport recusants to a new colony in North America. The plan was seen as the ideal solution to many of Elizabeth’s domestic and international problems. A patent under the Great Seal of England to colonize nine million acres (36,000km sq.) in Florida was granted. The fact that Florida was already claimed by Philip and was occupied by Spanish troops was beside the point. In August

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