Britain's China Policy and the Opium Crisis by Glenn Melancon

Author:Glenn Melancon [Melancon, Glenn]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: History, General
ISBN: 9781351954730
Google: vpguDwAAQBAJ
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2017-07-28T04:59:38+00:00

Notes

1 Michael Greenberg, British Trade and the Opening of China: 1800-42 (Cambridge University Press, 1951), 9-10, 80-94.

2 'Cultivation of the Poppy', Documents Relating to Opium, &c. (Canton: Chinese Repository, 1837), 45. F017/28/155.

3 'The Traffic in Opium carried on with China', Documents Relating to Opium, 69. FOl 7/28/167.

4 'Traffic in Opium', 69. FOl7/28/167.

5 Greenberg, British Trade, 14-15.

6 Weng Eang Cheong, Mandarins and Merchants: Jardine Matheson & Co., a China Agency of the Early Nineteenth Century (London: Curzon Press, 1978), 228-9.

7 Peter Temin, The Jacksonian Economy (New York: Norton, 1969), 81-2.

8 Peter Ward Fay, The Opium War,,1840-1842: Barbarians in the Celestial Empire in the Early Part of the Nineteenth Century and the War by Which They Forced Her Gates Ajar (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1975), 46.

9 UK Select Committee on the Trade with China, Report, 1840,72.

10 UK Select Committee on the Trade with China, Report, 1840,49-50, 73,94.

11 Jonathan Spence, 'Opium Smoking in Ch'ing China', in Conflict and Control in Late Imperial China, Frederic Wakeman Jr and Carolyn Grant eds, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975), 146-50; Fay, Opium War, 8-9.

12 'Testimony as to the effects of using opium', Documents Relating to Opium, 70. FO17/28/167.

13 'Memorial from Heu-Naetse to the Emperor, proposing to legalize the importation of Opium', Enclosure 1, Elliot to Palmerston, Macao, 2 February 1837, Correspondence Relating to China (Great Britain, 1840), 156.

14 Spence, 'Opium Smoking', 150-53.

15 Davis to Palmerston, 2 January 1835, Correspondence, 76.

16 Fay, Opium War, 58-9.

17 Greenberg, British Trade, 215; Hosea Ballou Morse, The International Relations of the Chinese Empire, Vol. 1, The Period ofConflict, 1834-1860 (New York: Longmans, Green, 1910), 168.

18 Fay, Opium War, 18.

19 For an in-depth study of the school see Benjamin A. Elman, From Philosophy to Philology Intellectual Aspects of Change in Late Imperial China (Cambridge: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University Press, 1984).

20 Hao Chang, Liang Ch 'i-ch 'ao and the Intellectual Transition in China, 1890-1907 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971), 13; Chang's first chapter provides an excellent introduction to the competing philosophical traditions within Confucianism.

21 The term literati refers to the one-half per cent of the male population who passed one of the three levels of the imperial examination system. James Polachek, The Inner Opium War (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992), 20.

22 Polachek, Inner Opium War, 83.

23 Chang, Liang Ch'i-ch 'ao, 16-17; Polachek, Inner Opium War, 89.

24 Polachek, Inner Opium War, 63-83.

25 Polachek, Inner Opium War, 114-15.

26 Captain Elliot provided Lord Palmerston with a series of Chinese memorials (received 17 July 1837) detailing the nature of the debate over opium. Correspondence, 153-81; Polachek, Inner Opium War, 103-19.

27 Polachek, Inner Opium War, 135.

28 Elliot to Palmerston, 27 July 1836 (received 15 February 1837), Correspondence, 138.

29 Ibid.

30 Polachek, inner Opium War, 125.

31 Enclosure 1, Edict from the Heads of the Provincial Government, 28 October 1836, in Elliot to Palmerston, 7 February 1837, Correspondence, 183.

32 Jardine did not leave China until February 1839, and Dent remained in China throughout the crisis in March 1839. They repeatedly received temporary stays of Teng's order.

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