A manual of the chemistry of the carbon compounds; by Schorlemmer Carl 1834-1892

Author:Schorlemmer, Carl, 1834-1892. [from old catalog]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Chemistry, Organic
Publisher: London, Macmillan and co.
Published: 1874-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

Digitized by LjOOQIC

zinc and calcium with charcoal to whiteness; the resulting black mass yields, with water, quicklime and acetylene :—

C 2 Ca + 2H 2 0 - C 2 H 2 + Ca(OH) 2

The least trace of acetylene can be detected by passing a gas containing it through an ammoniacal solution of cuprous chloride, a

blood-red precipitate of mproso-ethenyl oodde ryur? 1 \ 0 being

formed:—

(1) C^ + Cu^ + NH 8 = 0 2 HCu 2 Cl + NH 4 C1

(2) 2(C 2 HCu 2 Cl) + 2NH S + H 2 0 = (CjHCu^O + 2NH 4 C1

Cupro&o-ethenyl Chloride C 2 HCu 2 Cl is a similar precipitate, which is produced by passing acetylene into a solution of cuprous chloride, in potassium chloride.

Argento-ethmyl Chloride CgHAggCl is formed by the action of acetylene on an ammoniacal solution of silver chloride; it is a white precipitate; the corresponding oxide (C 2 HAg 2 ) 2 0 is a similar body, which is obtained by passing the gas through a solution of silver nitrate in ammonia.

These copper- and silver-compounds are explosive, decomposing with detonation by percussion ; they are decomposed by hydrochloric acid, pure acetylene being evolved, and are therefore used for obtaining this gas in a state of great purity. A very simple method for obtaining pure acetylene consists in placing a gas-burner in which the gas is burning down under a funnel which is connected with an aspirator by which the products of combustion are passed through an ammoniacal silver-solution. The white precipitate is then decomposed by hydrochloric acid, and the resulting silver chloride dissolved in ammonia and used for a new operation:—

CjHAgjjCl + HC1 = C^ + 2AgCl

Nascent hydrogen converts acetylene into ethene; this reduction is effected by acting with zinc and ammonia on the copper-compounds of acetylene:—

C 2 HCu 2 Cl + NH 3 + 2H 2 0 + 2Zn - C 2 H 4 + NH 4 C1 + C14 + 2ZnO

When acetylene is shaken with concentrated sulphuric acid, the gas is slowly absorbed, and et?imylsnlpJvuric acid C 2 H 8 .S0 4 H is formed. On distilling this acid with water, ethenyl or vinyl alcohol C 2 H 3 .OH is obtained; it is a very volatile liquid, which is homologous with allyl alcohol, but has scarcely been "examined.

Monobromacetylene C 2 HBr.—When a monobromethene dibromide is heated with alcoholic potash, a gas is evolved, taking fire in contact with the air, and consisting of a mixture of acetylene and ^.monobromacetylene.

Digitized by LjOOQIC

Allylene or Propine C 8 H 4 is a gas resembling acetylene ; it is prepared by heating monobroniopropene or propene dibromide with alcoholic potash. By passing it through an ammoniacal solution of cuprous chloride a greenish-yellow precipitate is formed. Silver-propinyl C 3 H 8 Ag is a white explosive precipitate, which is readily decomposed by hydrochloric acid ; it is formed by the action of propine on an ammoniacal silver-solution.

Propinyl Alcohol C 3 H 3 .OH.—This compound, commonly called propargyl alcohol, is produced by acting

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