A Health Impact Assessment Framework for Special Economic Zones in the Greater Mekong Subregion by Asian Development Bank;

Author:Asian Development Bank;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Asian Development Bank Institute
Published: 2018-08-15T00:00:00+00:00

HIA = health impact assessment, GMS = Greater Mekong Subregion, MOU = memorandum of understanding, SEZ = special economic zone.

Source: Authors.

• have been resettled as a result of SEZ development;

• have their livelihoods positively impacted due to zone development (economic opportunities);

• have their livelihoods negatively impacted due to zone development (economic displacement);

• live adjacent to a zone;

• live adjacent to worker accommodation facilities for the SEZ;

• live along economic and transportation corridors associated with SEZ-related industrial traffic;

• work in the construction of the zone and associated businesses; or

• work in the established SEZ businesses.

SEZ workers (including those who are involved in the construction of the SEZ and associated facilities) are a critical population within the area supporting SEZ development. The safety, security, and fair treatment of workers are fundamental toward maximizing economic growth, income generation, and health opportunities in SEZs. There may be gender-based risks to consider as, depending on the sector, the workforce is likely to be gender-specific. For instance, in heavier industrial settings and during the construction of businesses within the zone, the workforce will be primarily male. During operation, female employees may represent up to 90% of the workforce.44 The districts supporting SEZ development also represent home to workers (at least part-time), and how and where they spend their time off can have both positive and negative impacts to people within these areas. Conversely, baseline health conditions present within the SEZ-supporting region can hold distinct risks to worker health. As such, workers are recognized as a fundamental part of the SEZ community.

The framework further recognizes that officials from different ministries, sectors, and other stakeholders at the regional and national level can influence both the implementation and optimization of HIAs for SEZs. People within these institutions are essential in maximizing health opportunities while identifying and managing health risks for current and future SEZ development.

Applying the framework for SEZ development requires agreement on core elements to be the focus for HIA work. These elements are further elaborated on in section 5.1. It also requires implementation efforts to obtain results. Implementation efforts (characterized by inputs and processes) require human and financial contributions to support the establishment, implementation, and success of an HIA within an SEZ. Results associated with the HIA framework are described in terms of outputs, outcomes, and impacts.

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