USMLE Step 2 Secrets by Brochert Adam;Theodore X. O'Connell

Author:Brochert, Adam;Theodore X. O'Connell [Brochert, Adam;Theodore X. O'Connell]
Language: eng
Format: mobi
ISBN: 9780323080521
Publisher: Elsevier Health
Published: 2010-06-21T05:00:00+00:00

17 How is CRF treated?

Treat CRF with regular hemodialysis (usually 3 times/week), water-soluble vitamins (which are removed during dialysis), phosphate restriction and binders (calcium carbonate, calcium acetate, or sevelamer), erythropoietin, and hypertension control. The only cure is renal transplant.

18 What are the signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI)? What are the most likely organisms?

Symptoms and signs include urgency, dysuria, suprapubic and/or low back pain, and low grade fever. UTIs usually are caused by Escherichia coli (75% to 85% of cases) but also may be caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus or Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and/or Enterococcus species (or other enteric organisms). Patients who acquire UTIs in the hospital or from a chronic, indwelling Foley catheter are more likely to have organisms other than E. coli.

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