Trauma Induced Coagulopathy by Eduardo Gonzalez Hunter B. Moore & Ernest E. Moore

Author:Eduardo Gonzalez, Hunter B. Moore & Ernest E. Moore
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

Blood and D (Rh) type by ethnicity and approximate percentages

Red cell antigen

Plasma antibody

Caucasian

African-American

Hispanic

Asian

O

44

49

55

43

None

Anti-A and anti-B

A

43

27

28

27

A

Anti-B

B

 9

20

13

25

B

Anti-A

AB

 4

 4

 4

 5

A and B

None

D (Rh) Pos.

83

93

93

98

D (Rh) Neg.

17

 7

 7

 2

ABO type compatibility is fundamental to avoiding a hemolytic transfusion reaction , which may occur within minutes of beginning the transfusion and with possibly fatal results. ABO antibodies are primarily of the IgM type, which fix complement well, and are capable of causing acute, intravascular hemolysis. ABO antibodies of the IgG subtype may cause a delayed, extravascular hemolysis. IgG subtypes may also cross the placenta from the maternal circulation to cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) [12]. Antibodies from some blood group systems are more potent than those in other blood group systems in their ability to cause hemolysis [12]. Only one fatality resulting from ABO-mismatched RBCs was reported to FDA in 2013, accounting for 3 % of the total fatalities reported in that year [13]. Undoubtedly, many more ABO-mismatching events transpire without resulting in fatality. In 2011, a total of 42 such events were reported to the NBCUS, which amounted to 1 occurrence per 495,207 transfusions in the USA [3]. It is worth noting that not all hospitals participate in a program of voluntary transfusion reaction reporting, however fatalities due to transfusion must be reported to FDA [3].

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