Time Series Analysis of Discourse by Dennis Tay

Author:Dennis Tay
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Taylor & Francis (CAM)
Published: 2018-02-17T16:00:00+00:00

3 T: 嗯，感受一下，我在展示，男性的？ [Right. Feel it. I am displaying, something masculine?]

4 C: 我在展示男性的那种，男性那种性特征，那种生殖器官的那种, 所带来的那种自豪之感，喜悦之感 [I am displaying the sexuality of a man, the kind of pride and joy a man feels towards his reproductive organs]

5 T: 性特征。性自信。重复 [Sexuality. Sexual confidence. Repeat.]

Extract 2 occurred two intervals after Extract 1. In between the two extracts, the therapist was asking the client to describe his daily activities in the student dormitory to gain a better understanding of his present social life. It is noteworthy that the fountain metaphor from Extract 1 did not appear during this time. In Line 1 of Extract 2 however, the therapist revisits this metaphor by encouraging the client to “flow into that picture” (of the fountain). He particularly hopes to suggest that the fountain can be symbolic of a renewed sense of sexual confidence (Line 5). From the object relations therapy perspective, this is an attempt to connect the prior conceptualization with his present circumstances. From the metaphor theoretic perspective, this involves transplanting the same source domain(s) of the fountain onto a new target domain(s) of his present life. An interesting question from both points of view is the extent to which such an attempt succeeds in theory as well as practice, as reflected by changing metaphor frequencies. The client may for instance encounter some difficulty with perceiving the continuity or connection with past and present experiences, and not be as prolific with the original metaphor. The same prediction regarding new target(s) for existing source(s) would also hold from a metaphor theoretic point of view. A qualitative comparison of Extracts 1 and 2 shows that Extract 2 does contain a lesser measure of metaphoric creativity, and a greater measure of repetition (Lines 4 and 5). These predictions are further supported by the model yt = 8.566 + at − 0.72091at−2, which captures an inverse relationship between past shocks and present values. The positively greater the past shock (i.e. greater use of metaphor than expected, resulting in a positive value for at−2), the lower the expected present value yt. Conversely, the negatively greater the past shock, the higher the expected present value yt. Another potential insight from this MA(2) model is that such a “propagating effect” is short term, leaving a statistically significant footprint of no more than two intervals. This means that the frequency of metaphor use prior to this extract would no longer be associable with the previous spurt.

The overall insights from TSA – (i) the inverse relationship between past shocks and present frequencies, and (ii) the relatively short-term nature of this relationship – are relevant to therapists in a number of ways. They might first be used as an evaluative reflection of how well specific therapist–client dyads aligned with ostensible therapeutic principles. The present case provides some evidence that unexpected moments of metaphor-related insight have a quick but short-term impact on what happens in the immediate future. Coupled with closer discourse analytic scrutiny, the combined analysis can provide useful training and feedback material for therapists reviewing their work in actual therapeutic settings.

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