Symbolic Leaders by Orrin E. Klapp

Author:Orrin E. Klapp [Klapp, Orrin E.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Biography & Autobiography, General, Political Science, Political Process, Leadership, Social Science, Sociology
ISBN: 9780202308678
Google: XOnQngEACAAJ
Publisher: AldineTransaction
Published: 2006-01-15T03:27:43+00:00

1 Lillian Ross, Portrait of Hemingway (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1961), pp. 14-17.

2 Richard Oulahan, "The Bumpkin Who Turned into a Warped Wizard," Life, June 1, 1962, pp. 86-90.

3 Sheer overdrive from war may have helped Castro fracture his his own type image. During the revolt he looked good as a fighter, but humanitarian ideology requires that when you become an administrator you stop fighting and become a welfare worker, combining benevolence with rational justice. This, apparently, Castro could not do, ideology or no ideology. His own temperament and his people, as well as United States antagonism, may have forced him to violate the liberal type.

4 Dixon Wecter, The Hero in America (New York: Scribner, 1949), pp. 435-39.

5 De Witt Snell, The Lindberghs (Schenectady, N.Y.: privately printed, 1941), pp. 1, 7-8.

6 James Thurber parodied this role conflict in "The Greatest Man in the World."

7 Time, January 6, 1936, pp. 34-36 ff.

8 It is hard to accept now the names Lincoln was called, even by northern newspapers: "Despicable tyrant," "The Ape," "Illinois Beast," "cringing, crawling creature," "assassin," "savage," "The Fiend." (Herbert Mitgang, Lincoln as They Saw Him [New York: Rinehart, 1956].)

9 Dixon Wector, The Hero in America, p. 126.

10 The charge was ordered by Lord Luean, who misunderstood orders from Lord Raglan, who died in the Crimea of fever while Lucan got most of the blame. Cardigan could have been the hero if he had not been what Americans would call "a heel." See Cecil Woodham-Smith, The Reason Why (New York: Time, Inc., 1962; original ed., 1953), pp. 250-91.

11 Paolo Monelli, Mussolini (New York: Vanguard, 1954).

12 H. R. Trevor-Roper, The Last Days of Hitler.

13 Of course, carping and criticism are the lot of almost anyone who appears much before the public eye, because so many groups are watching. He is in the predicament of trying to please everybody. As one television performer quipped, "Say 'Happy Mother's Day' and people will write in, asking, 'What's the matter? Don't you like your father?' " But the point is that the favorite who is a moral leader is doubly subject to such carping.

14 I do not try here to analyze why an immoral role should make a person popular but only to note that his privilege comes from consistency with a role so earned.

15 Forrest Davis, Huey Long: A Candid Bigraphy (New York: Dodge Pub. Co., 1935), pp. 201-28.

16 The Gallup Poll, Washington Post, December 15, 1943.

17 This might be analyzed into the following components: (1) the chivalrous obligation of the strong to help the weak, (2) a commander's paternalism toward his men, and (3) avoidance of unfairness that could imply cowardice.

18 His superior, General Omar Bradley, speculated about how much of Patton's urge to redeem himself dramatically had to do with the winning of the war: "I've often wondered how much this desire to square himself with the American people produced Patton in his spectacular race across the face of France. For certainly no other commander could have matchecd him in reckless haste and boldness.

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