Switzerland and the Second World War by Georg Kreis

Author:Georg Kreis [Kreis, Georg]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: History
ISBN: 9780714650296
Google: LsffjgEACAAJ
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Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2000-06-29T00:00:00+00:00

Notes

1 This chapter presents some of the results of a project investigating ‘internationalisation as an instrument of Swiss foreign policy’ as part of the National Research Programme of the Swiss National Science Foundation, Capabilities of Swiss Foreign Policy (NFP 42). Thanks are due to Sacha Zala for his stimulating comments.

2 Madeleine Herren, Hintertüren zurMacht. Internationalismus und modernisierungs-oriente Aussenpolitik. in Belgien, der Schweiz und den USA (forthcoming).

3 The following administrative unions, founded back in the nineteenth century, were based in Berne during the period under discussion here and were under the supervision of the Swiss Federal Council: the Bureau of the International Telecommunications Union, the International Bureau of the Universal Postal Union, the Central Office for International Railway Transport, and the two United International Bureaux for Industrial, Literary and Artistic Property, which were merged to form a single institution. On the significance of the administrative unions as the first generation of international organisations, see Craig N. Murphy, International Organization and Industrial Change: Global Governance since 1850, New York, 1994.

4 Official participation in international conferences and congresses can be established on the basis of the Federal Council decisions. Swiss Federal Archives (hereinafter abbreviated as BAR), Register of the Proceedings of the Federal Council, E 1004.3-/3.

5 Letter from the Federal Political Department (EPD) to the Federal Department of the Interior (FDI), Berne, 13 January 1938, BAR, E 2001 (D), –/4, Vol. 31.

6 The EPD informed the organising committee that, in the absence of any diplomatic relations, the Soviet Union could not be officially invited to attend the congress, EPD to the secretary of the eighth International History Congress, G. Hoffmann, Berne, 10 August 1937, BAR, E 2001 (D), –/l, Vol. 126. For the History Congress in Zurich, see Karl Dietrich Erdmann, Die Ökumene der Historiker, Geschichte der Internationalen Historikerkongresse und des Comité International des Sciences Historiques, Göttingen, 1987, pp. 221.

7 Letter from Professor Dr W. R. Hess to the FDI, Zurich, 27 February 1936, BAR, E 3001 (A), –/3, Vol. 18. However, no Soviet historians were represented at the historical congress.

8 Report by Georg Wiegner to the director of the Agriculture Department, Zurich, 2 November 1930, BAR, E 7220 (A), –/l, Vol. 12.

9 The legation had explicitly inquired in Berne whether it should be responsible for such services, and received an affirmative reply. Letter from the EPD to the Swiss legation in Ankara, Berne, 18 January 1943, BAR, E 2001 (D), –/3, Vol. 494.

10 The Italian delegation alone comprised 14 people, including Giovanni Gentile, Francesco Ercole and former under-secretary of state Silverio Leicht. Swiss legation in Italy to the EPD, Rome, 1 June 1938, BAR, E 2001 (D), –/l, Vol. 126.

11 In 1935 invitations from Germany matched the number of international events held in France. A quantitative evaluation of the Federal Council’s policy on sending delegates is currently in preparation.

12 Letter from the German legation in Switzerland to the EPD, Berne, 28 January 1939, BAR, E 2001 (D), –/l, Vol. 126.

13 Letter from the Federal Department of Post and Railways (EPED) to the EPD, Berne, 11 February 1939, ibid.

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