Routledge Revivals: A History of the Art of War in the Middle Ages (1978) by Charles Oman

Author:Charles Oman [Oman, Charles]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: History, Europe, Medieval
ISBN: 9781351335522
Google: 90haDwAAQBAJ
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2018-05-08T01:32:44+00:00

Notes

1 King Stephen placed Hungary under the papal supremacy in 1000. But the last pagan rising was not put down till 1061, in the reign of King Bela 1.

1 Mr. Hogarth informs me that the Axylon does not deserve its well-known reputation for barrenness and desolation.

2 Why Godfrey of Bouillon and the larger half of the crusading host diverged from the obvious route by Heraclea, the Cilician gates, and Tarsus, and only sent Baldwin and Tancred upon it, it is hard to discover. But they undoubtedly took the extraordinary and circuitous road by Iconium, Cæsarea-Mazaca, Coxon (Cucusus-Goeksun), and Marash, and suffered severely from privations in the Anti-Taurus while crossing the Doloman Dagh, between Coxon and Marash. Probably they were attracted by the friendly Armenian population of Eastern Cappadocia.

1 Albert of Aix, viii. p. 7. Cf. the identical statement in Anna Comnena, book xi. § 8.

2 We get from Anna only the fact that they had crossed the Halys; the Frankish chroniclers thought they were still in “Flagania,” i.e. Paphlagonia.

3 Albert of Aix, viii. p. 29.

1 Albert of Aix, viii. 30.

2 See the account of this battle on pp. 273–276.

3 This place, not far from the great Tuz Gol lake, must have been taken by an expedition sent out from Iconium, as it does not lie on the itinerary Nicæa-Iconium.

4 Robert the Monk, book iii., tells us how Godfrey of Bouillon avoided this danger by taking water with him.

1 Odo of Deuil, book v.

1 This is especially remarked upon by Odo of Deuil, book v. p. 343.

2 Odo of Deuil, book v. p. 347.

1 Odo of Deuil, book vi. p. 363.

1 See the Epistola de Morte Frederici, p. 346.

1 Not Malek Shah. See Boha-ed-din, p. 272.

2 Ep. de Morte Frederici, 350.

1 Largely aided by King Sigurd of Norway on this occasion.

1 To withstand Saladin’s invasion of 1183. William of Tyre calls it the largest host he had ever heard of among the Franks of Syria (xxii. p. 448).

2 Albert of Aix, xii. p. 205.

1 The dates of the changes of dynasty in the emirates are all-important for understanding the history of the Crusades. They are as follows:—

Aleppo. Held by the house of Tutush-ibn-Alp-Arslan, 1094-1117.

Held by Il-Ghazi of Mardin and his nephew Soliman, 1117-1123.

Held by Balak-ibn-Bahram, 1123-1125.

By El-Bursuki and his son Massoud, 1125-1128.

Surrendered to Zengi, 1128.

Damascus. Held by Dukak the Seljouk, 1095-1103.

Held by Toktagin and his house, 1103-1154.

Surrendered to Nur-ed-din, son of Zengi, 1154.

Mosul. Held by Kerboga, 1096-1102; by Jekermish, 1102-1107; by Javaly, 1107-1108; by Maudud and his nephew Massoud, 1108-1113; by El-Bursuki, 1113-1127. Taken over by Zengi, 1127.

2 The strange battle of Tel-basher in 1108 is worth notice. Tancred of Antioch and Joscelin, Lord of Tel-basher, had quarrelled. So had Ridwan of Aleppo and Javaly of Mosul. Each allied himself with a stranger against his own co-religionist, and in the fight Frank fought with Frank, and Turk with Turk. Tancred and Ridwan were victorious. Albert of Aix and William of Tyre both allude to the story.

3 The Turkish deputies or generals of the great Seljouk Sultan, who ruled as practically independent princes in Syria and Mesopotamia.

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