On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society by Dave Grossman & Author

Author:Dave Grossman & Author
Language: eng
Format: mobi, azw3, epub, pdf
Tags: Social Science, Law Enforcement, General, Violence in Society, Political Science, Military, History
ISBN: 9781600245930
Publisher: Little, Brown
Published: 1995-01-01T00:00:00+00:00

Chapter Five

Aggressive Predisposition of the Killer:

Avengers, Conditioning, and the 2 Percent

Who Like It

World War Il-era training was conducted on a grassy firing range (a known-distance, or KD, range), on which the soldier shot at a bull's-eye target. After he fired a series of shots the target was checked, and he was then given feedback that told him where he hit.

Modern training uses what are essentially B. F. Skinner's operant conditioning techniques to develop a firing behavior in the soldier.4

This training comes as close to simulating actual combat conditions as possible. The soldier stands in a foxhole with full combat equipment, and man-shaped targets pop up briefly in front of him.

These are the eliciting stimuli that prompt the target behavior of shooting. If the target is hit, it immediately drops, thus providing immediate feedback. Positive reinforcement is given when these hits are exchanged for marksmanship badges, which usually have some form of privilege or reward (praise, recognition, three-day passes, and so on) associated with them.

Traditional marksmanship training has been transformed into a combat simulator. Watson states that soldiers who have conducted

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