New Chinese Immigrants in New Zealand by Liangni Sally Liu Guanyu Jason Ran

Author:Liangni Sally Liu, Guanyu Jason Ran [Liangni Sally Liu, Guanyu Jason Ran]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Social Science, Ethnic Studies, General, Regional Studies
ISBN: 9781000474558
Google: gqZMEAAAQBAJ
Barnesnoble:
Goodreads: 58213722
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2021-11-28T03:04:16+00:00

Notes

The Labour Party or Labour is a social-democratic political party in New Zealand, and one of the two major parties in New Zealand politics. It is considered as a left wing and social liberal political party. The other major party is the National Party which is considered as a right wing and conservative political party.

The National Government came into power in 1991 and introduced an even opener policy to welcome migrants from various regions. The National's 1991 policy changes primarily featured the introduction of a revised Business Investment Category (BIC) to replace the previous Business Immigration Policy (BIP) and the encouragement of skilled immigration via a General Category (GC). The GC involved a points-based selection system. Points were awarded based on age, qualifications, work experience, sponsorship by family members or community groups, a job offer, and settlement and investment funds. Those who could obtain points around the upper 20s qualified for automatic permanent residence. Whether the applicant had a definite job offer or a plausible business development plan no longer counted. Settlement funds of NZ$100,000 also carried an extra point. The GC was divided into two sub-categories – the General Skilled Category (GSC) and the General Investment Category (GIC). Applicants under the GSC were assessed on employability, age and settlement factors, while applicants under the GIC scored points on the basis of capital.

The 1995 policy tightening-up includes: (1) the Business Investor Category replaced the previous Business Investment Category. Under the Business Investor Category, a full point-based ranking system was introduced. It aims to solve the shortcoming of the tendency of passive investment and lack of qualifications of applicants in the previous Business Investment Category; (2) an amended point system was introduced in the GSC. It redressed the bias towards academic qualifications and professional skills, and allowed applicants with trades or technical qualifications to score higher than before; thus, facilitated a broader skills mix; (3) the requirement of a statutory registration before point awarded was enforced for some professional qualifications, such as medical doctors; (4) points for investment funds from the GIC was removed; and (5) a minimum Band score of 5 in general Training Modules of the International English Language test System (IELTS) for adult applicants (over 16 years old) from non-English-speaking background was required.

In order to remedy the net migration lose, the Government introduced 1998 policy package which is seen as a relaxation of immigration policy. The most significant changes included (1) the English language requirement for principal applicants and non-principal applicants under the Business Investor Category would be relaxed to a basic level; namely, IELTS Band 4; (2) the English language bond for non-principal residence applicants was abolished and was replaced with pre-paid English language training in an approved course; (3) some new categories of entrepreneur investor migrants and long-term visas for business people were introduced, such as the new category for entrepreneur/investor immigrants and the Long-Term Business Visa; (4) under the GS category, overseas students’ previous work experience was recognised for points; they were allowed to complete

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