How to Make a Vaccine by John Rhodes

Author:John Rhodes [Rhodes, John]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: MED000000 Medical / General, MED044000 Medical / Immunology, SCI099000 Science / Life Sciences / Virology
Publisher: The University of Chicago Press
Published: 2021-02-15T00:00:00+00:00

Replicating Viral Vector Vaccines

We can now look at the fifth class of vaccine technologies readily adaptable to meet the challenge of emergent infectious diseases—the replicating viral vector vaccines. These differ from the previous class in that once they are injected and have entered human cells, they undergo several rounds of replication, infecting more cells and providing sustained stimulation of the immune system. One of these replicating viral vector vaccines, which entered the COVID-19 vaccine race in April 2020, employs an attenuated VSV vector, already proven as a newly registered Ebola vaccine, as we saw in chapter 3. The sponsors of this candidate have also acquired an attenuated measles virus (used in the measles vaccine) engineered to deliver SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to the immune system of recipients. This technology, developed by scientists at the renowned Institut Pasteur in Paris, allows the genes of other viruses to be inserted into the measles vaccine. Because this vector replicates inside the cells of vaccine recipients, it also provides an extended stimulus to the immune response. In all there were 16 replicating viral vector vaccines in the COVID-19 candidate vaccine race in 2020.

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