Fluids and Electrolytes: A Thorough Guide covering Fluids, Electrolytes and Acid-Base Balance of the Human Body by Andersson David

Author:Andersson, David [Andersson, David]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Medical Creations
Published: 2018-05-22T16:00:00+00:00

The infusion rate of such cases must be 4-8 mmol/L in 24 hours.

In patients with SIADH, treatment includes fluid restriction, increased intake of solutes, and treatment with loop diuretics must be done.

In hypovolemic cases, fluid requirement must also be balanced.

HYPERNATREMIA:

Hypernatremia occurs when the plasma sodium concentration rises above 145 mmol/L. Generally this occurs when there is a decrease in the water content of the extracellular fluid relative to the sodium content. Hypernatremia due to true sodium increase is very rare. The hyperosmolarity of the extracellular fluid tends to draw water out of the intracellular compartment, leading to cell shrinkage. This is particularly significant in neuronal cells and can lead to brain damage. The low volume of the ECF (due to water loss) can also have circulatory consequences, such as hypotension and tachycardia.

Causes:

Factors causing increased loss of water. This is seen in cases of dehydration due to lack of access, increased sweating etc.

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