First Aid for the Psychiatry Clerkship, Fourth Edition (First Aid Series) by Latha Ganti & Matthew S. Kaufman & Sean M. Blitzstein

Author:Latha Ganti & Matthew S. Kaufman & Sean M. Blitzstein [Ganti, Latha]
Language: eng
Format: azw3
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
Published: 2016-06-05T04:00:00+00:00

Substance Use

40% of the 65+-year-old population drinks alcohol, and up to 16% are heavy drinkers who may experience adverse health events from the amount of alcohol they use or from its interaction with medications and impact on chronic disease processes.

Age-related effects of alcohol:

↓ alcohol dehydrogenase can → higher blood alcohol levels (BALs) with fewer drinks as compared to younger adults

↓ amount of water in the body with age, resulting in a higher percentage of alcohol in their blood compared to younger people after drinking the same amount of alcohol

↑ central nervous system sensitivity to alcohol

Chronic medical conditions worsened by alcohol:

Liver diseases (cirrhosis, hepatitis)

Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases (GI bleeding, gastric reflux, ulcer)

Cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, heart failure)

Metabolic/endocrine diseases (gout, diabetes)

Mental disorders (depression, anxiety)

Alcohol and medication interactions: See Table 9-2.

TABLE 9-2. Alcohol and Medication Interactions

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