Families and Health by Janet R. Grochowski

Author:Janet R. Grochowski [Grochowski, Janet R.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Health & Fitness, General, Medical, Public Health, Social Science, Sociology, Marriage & Family, Disease & Health Issues
ISBN: 9781412998932
Google: UrOZeuywWAwC
Publisher: SAGE
Published: 2013-04-03T04:05:37+00:00

promote a long-term, sustainable HIV response through strengthening health and community systems, tackling the social determinants of health that both drive the epidemic and hinder the response, and protecting and promoting human rights and promoting gender equity as essential elements of the health sector response.

Note the emphasis on social determinants (Chapter 4) and need for gender equity. In 2010, the proportion of women living with HIV stabilized, but remains over half of all HIV incidences as noted in Table 5.2, which presents a summary of global HIV/AIDS data including rates for women and children ages 15 years or younger. In 2009, 23 percent of new AIDS diagnoses in America were women, with 57 percent non-Hispanic black women, 21 percent non-Hispanic white women, and 18 percent Latina women (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] 2012k:1). Globally women account for 52 percent of the adults living with HIV and 59 percent in sub-Saharan Africa, 54 percent in Middle East/North Africa region (International Center for Research on Women 2012; UNAIDS 2010a:23).

“Gender inequalities, differential access to services, and sexual violence increase women’s vulnerability to HIV, and women, especially younger women, are biologically more susceptible to HIV” (KFF 2012f:1). This has significant impacts on families since women continue to have important financial, emotional, and caretaking responsibilities in families. Yet globally, AIDS-related mortality is decreasing due to expansion of antiretroviral therapy and proper monitoring. For example, with increased access to services for preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission, the total number of children born with HIV has decreased by 24 percent between 2004 and 2009 (UNAIDS 2010a:19). In mid-2012, the WHO announced a significant change in its guidelines regarding the use of antiretroviral treatment, which now will be administered not only to adults and adolescents with HIV, but also using antiretroviral therapy as prevention (TasP) beginning in 2013 (WHO 2012k).

Table 5.2 Summary of Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic by Sex and Age, 2010

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