Ethnic Differences in Fertility and Assisted Reproduction by Fady I. Sharara

Author:Fady I. Sharara
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer New York, New York, NY

Smoking

Another major confounding factor that is often unreported in research is the smoking status of the participants. Smoking is a significant risk factor for sub-fertility and other obstetric conditions such as preterm labour and miscarriage. A meta-analysis exploring the influence of smoking on IVF outcome found that female smokers required twice as many cycles of IVF to produce a pregnancy. Further, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels were lower among smokers, indicating a poor ovarian reserve [39]. If studies do not account for this potential confounding factor, findings may be overestimated.

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