Does Foreign Aid Really Work? by Roger C. Riddell

Author:Roger C. Riddell [Riddell, Roger C.]
Language: eng
Format: mobi
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Published: 2007-04-19T00:00:00+00:00

BOX 16.1 THE WORLD OF NGOs

The term NGO encompasses a wide range of organizations ranging from very large to tiny. The term International NGO (INGO) refers to organizations whose work extends across sometimes scores of different countries. The work of national NGOs is predominantly focused on activities related to one country. Many national NGOs are extremely small, focused on activities related to a province or an even smaller locality in a particular country. However, some larger national NGOs as well as INGOs engage in advocacy, lobbying and campaigning at both the national and international levels. In the United States, the term private voluntary organization (PVO) broadly equates with what is known elsewhere as a non-governmental organization.

NGOs can engage in development either directly or indirectly. Those that are not directly involved in implementing projects are often called intermediary organizations, which provide funds, advice or other forms of support to implementing agencies. Both INGOs and national NGOs implement projects and programmes with poor communities, but some INGOs and some national NGOs (though far fewer) choose not to be direct implementers. Confusingly, some INGOs implement projects in some countries and act solely in an intermediary capacity in others. Where implementing agencies work exclusively in and among poor communities they are often termed grassroots organizations (GROs). A membership-based organization (MBO) is a particular type of GRO which represents and is accountable to the community of members, who are likely to be the prime beneficiaries of its activities.

Ambiguously, the term non-governmental development organization (NGDO) is also used to refer to NGOs involved in both development and humanitarian and emergency works. The term will be avoided here. Some NGOs are involved in activities not principally concerned with development and poverty alleviation, including environmental NGOs and some human rights NGOs. These NGOs, though important, are not the focus of discussion in this book.

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