Design, Analysis, and Interpretation of Genome-Wide Association Scans by Daniel O. Stram

Author:Daniel O. Stram
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer New York, New York, NY

(4.19)

with

and

(4.20)

For large values of N (the number of observations) Wald tests for the parameter of interest: that is, testing whether β r  = 0 by dividing by the (r, r)th element of (X′Σ − 1 X)− 1 will have appropriate size (e.g., type I error will be controlled) and generally will have good power. This will hold even when the true values of σ 2 and γ 2 are replaced by consistent estimates of these quantities.

4.2.4.1 Introduction to Estimation of Random Effects Models

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