Dependability in Medicine and Neurology by Nikhil Balakrishnan
Author:Nikhil Balakrishnan
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham
In DFBW airplanes, pilot inputs are interpreted by flight control computers to make the necessary movement of control surfaces to make desired flight path modifications [2]. In autopilot mode, the flight control computers take their orders from the autopilot flight director computers (AFDC). The heart of the fly-by wire system is the primary flight computers (PFCs). They receive inputs from the pilot flying the aircraft, information from sensors (such as ADIRU, accelerometers, and rate-gyro) and perform complex signal processing on these data [2–5]. The Air Data and Inertial Reference Unit (ADIRU) perform two critical functions: providing air data (airspeed, attitude, altitude) and inertial navigation information to the PFCs and pilots on the electronic flight display. The PFCs use these inputs to calculate control laws to compute the control surface position commands. These commands are then transmitted to the control surfaces using an electrical data bus. To meet extremely high functional integrity and functional availability requirements, multiple redundant hardware resources are required. FAR/CS 25. 1309 standards specify that any combination of failures of this system which can cause catastrophic consequences be “extremely improbable” with probability of occurrence less than 1 in 10 billion per flight hour of operation (see Chap. 1). The fault tolerance for trustworthy FBW system design should consider all known and unknown causes of problems, failures, and errors known as common mode failure and single point failure [4]. Based on these principles, the following sections look at the architectures used in Boeing and Airbus airplanes. Less technically inclined readers can skip sections “The Boeing 777/787 FBW Computers” and “Airbus Fly-By-Wire” and resume at section “Lessons from Digital Fly-By Wire”.
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