Climate of the Past, Present and Future: A scientific debate, 2nd ed. by Javier Vinós

Author:Javier Vinós [Vinós, Javier]
Language: eng
Format: azw3, pdf
Publisher: 9788412586718
Published: 2022-09-20T00:00:00+00:00

Fig. 9.12 Anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing contribution to climate change

a) Linear trend in anthropogenic, natural and total forcing for the period 1951–2011 (with 5–95% confidence range). After Myhre et al. 2013. b) Assessed contributions to observed surface temperature change over the period 1951–2010 (black bar with 5–95% confidence range). The relative contributions (colored bars) are based on observations combined with climate model simulations. Combined anthropogenic forcings account for essentially all warming, according to models. After IPCC's Summary for Policymakers of the Synthesis Report (2014). c) Global annual average radiative forcing change from 1750 to 2011 due to human activities, changes in total solar irradiance, and volcanic emissions. Bars indicate 5 to 95% confidence range. Over the time period, solar forcing has oscillated from solar minimum to solar maximum between −0.11 and +0.19 W/m2. Radiative forcing from volcanic emissions is small on average because it is short-lived. After Wuebbles et al. (2017).

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