Charney & Nestler's Neurobiology of Mental Illness by unknow

Author:unknow
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780190681425
Publisher: OxfordUP
Published: 2018-09-15T00:00:00+00:00

39.

Novel Approaches for Treating Anxiety Disorders

David A. Sturman, Milissa L. Kaufman, Cara E. Bigony, and Kerry J. Ressler

INTRODUCTION

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric conditions, causing significant personal suffering as well as leading to tremendous social and economic costs (Kessler et al., 2009). While multiple effective pharmacotherapies and psychotherapies exist for anxiety disorders, for many they lack efficacy, tolerability, and/or accessibility (Taylor et al., 2012). Only one-third of those with anxiety disorders seek mental health treatment, and of those who do, nonadherence and nonresponse (or incomplete response) remain substantial problems (Taylor et al., 2012). There is thus a great need for novel treatments.

In this chapter we discuss novel approaches for treating these disorders. We define novel treatments as those that hold potential promise but are not yet fully proven or available, or those that are recently available but not widely implemented. In order to consider the diagnostic constructs and the utility of preclinical models, this chapter opens by providing an initial framework for anxiety disorders. It then discusses the important historical distinction between fear and anxiety, and the evolution of concepts of anxiety. We also define and discuss another important distinction: that of trait versus state anxiety, as treatments for one may not help with the other. Addressing the shift toward a more neurobiological understanding of anxiety, we present two key preclinical models in anxiety research and survey novel pharmacological treatments by neurotransmitter system. We discuss brain stimulation techniques for the treatment of anxiety disorders as well as cognitive and psychotherapeutic approaches such as cognitive bias modification (CBM), and applications that could substantially increase the accessibility of currently available psychotherapy such as Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT). We conclude with a discussion of the challenges to translational research for the development of novel treatments for anxiety disorders.

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.