Biochemistry, Nutrition, and Therapeutics of Black Cumin Seed by Abdalbasit Adam Mariod

Author:Abdalbasit Adam Mariod
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
ISBN: 9780323914369
Publisher: Elsevier Science
Published: 2022-11-04T05:50:07+00:00

12.3.2. Antimicrobial efficacy

N igella sativa is primarily studied for its antimicrobial properties based on the availability of multiple bioactive compounds that possess multiple functions including antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial properties of black seeds extracts and essential oils are studied on a wide variety of bacteria including multiple drugs resistance bacteria. The availability of bioactive compounds from the compound groups of terpenes, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and also anthraquinones exhibits antibacterial properties that were reported in various studies (Abdallah, 2017).

A study found that black cumin seed oil exhibits antimicrobial activity against four types of gram-positive bacteria, which include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus. The antimicrobial activity was attributed to the availability of TQ and its isomeric forms such as dithymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, and thymol which were assessed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) (Mohammed et al., 2019).

N. sativa seed ethanolic extract was found to demonstrate antimicrobial properties against multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from urine samples of urinary tract infection patients. Ethanolic extract of N. sativa shown excellent inhibition activity against urinary pathogens, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumanni. Interestingly, all of the stated pathogens were tested for antibiotic resistance in the same study and were resistant to at least five different antibiotics (Dhanasekar, 2019). This study proved that N. sativa extract possesses the potential to be developed as a new drug against drug-resistant bacteria.

The applicability of black cumin seeds as an antimicrobial compound is not only restricted to a specific site of the human body but also multiple locations of pathogen reservoirs. One study assessed the antimicrobial activity of N. sativa seeds oil extract against dental caries pathogens, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sanguinis. The extract from N. sativa seeds oil extracts showed inhibition activity against both pathogens. Aside from that, the study also assessed the antibiofilm formation properties of the seeds where the qualitative observation using staining and scanning electron microscope showed significant antibiofilm activity by the black cumin seeds (Gasong et al., 2017). The study has proven the versatile applicability of N. sativa seeds as an antimicrobial treatment at various sites of the human body. Other than that, the oil extract from black cumin seed is also effective to combat biofilm formation, which had been the foundation of various pathogens-related diseases.

The applicability of N. sativa seed extract against specific disease-related pathogens was also investigated in a study. The study highlighted the antimicrobial activity of N. sativa seed oil against pathogens related to infection in the middle and external ear. The black cumin seed oil was found to be effective against three species related to an ear infection which are Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, and Moraxella catarrhalis isolated clinically from infected patients (Kocoglu et al., 2019). In addition, another study reveals the efficacy of N. sativa seeds oil formulated for topical application against acne inducing bacteria. The topical formulation of N. sativa seed oil was found to show antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and Propionibacterium acne (Nawarathne et al., 2019). These studies showed that the applicability of N.

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