The ICU Book by Paul L. Marino MD PhD FCCM

Author:Paul L. Marino MD PhD FCCM [Marino MD PhD FCCM, Paul L.]
Language: eng
Format: mobi
Publisher: Lippincot (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2012-01-12T08:00:00+00:00

pH = 7.36–7.44

PCO2 = 36–44 mm Hg (28.2)

HCO3 = 22–26 mEq/L

According to Equation 28.1, a change in either the PCO2 or the HCO3 will cause a change in the pH of extracellular fluid. When the change involves the PCO2, the condition is called a respiratory acid-base disorder: an increase in PCO2 is a respiratory acidosis, and a decrease in PCO2 is a respiratory alkalosis. When the change involves the HCO3, the condition is called a metabolic acid-base disorder: a decrease in HCO3 is a metabolic acidosis, and an increase in HCO3 is a metabolic alkalosis. If any of these changes causes the pH to change to a value outside the normal range, the suffix emia is used to describe the acid-base derangement: acidemia is the condition where the pH falls below 7.36, and alkalemia is the condition where the pH rises above 7.44.

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