Dorothy Garrod and the Progress of the Palaeolithic by Davies William.; & Ruth Charles

Author:Davies, William.; & Ruth Charles
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Casemate Publishers & Book Distributors, LLC
Published: 2017-05-15T00:00:00+00:00

It should be stressed that by its genesis and lithology, the brown paleosol of Unit III is different from the overlying hydromorphic Vertisol of Unit II. However, both units are partly overprinted, and so the polygenetic nature of Unit III might have derived from the superimposition of processes substantially separated in time. In any case, the paleosol of Unit III contains ca. 10% more sand than the overlying vertisol, and demonstrates the features of reddening (rubefaction) of the soil mass due to the accumulation of finely dispersed ferric oxides. An important characteristic of this paleosol is evidenced by polygenetic concretions formed in the course of decalcification and translocation of clay. All these features allow us to identify the brown-coloured paleosol of Unit III as a semi-hydromorphic hamra soil.

The brownish-red AB horizon of the soil in Unit IV contains 60% sand, 35% clay and 5% silt. It is completely leached from carbonates and grades into a yellowish-brown BCca horizon, also strongly leached with only 0.75% of carbonates in its groundmass. In comparison, the Lower Kurkar contains more than 40% of CaCO3 (Fig. 11.5). However, the BCca horizon of Unit IV shows the accumulation of large (5–8 cm thick) carbonate concretions (druses) in its base, as well as abundant biologically related features. The paleosol of Unit IV differs from the upper paleosols by its higher amount of sand, the lack of gley and the intensity of biological reworking. All these combine to suggest that during the formation of Unit IV, drainage has been good enough for a sandy loam to form in the depression.

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