Connectography: Mapping the Future of Global Civilization by Parag Khanna

Author:Parag Khanna
Language: eng
Format: mobi, pdf
ISBN: 9780812988550
Publisher: Random House Publishing Group
Published: 2016-04-18T14:00:00+00:00

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*1 This has also been widely referred to as “One Belt, One Road.”

*2 Oyu Tolgoi, one of the world’s largest copper mines, is also conveniently located just eighty kilometers north of the Chinese border in the Gobi Desert.

*3 The Asian powers China, Japan, South Korea, and India (as well as America’s Exxon) also have stakes in Rosneft’s developments on energy-rich Sakhalin Island. Within two decades, East Asia’s energy grid could be as dense as in Europe.

*4 Also, the more China builds out its domestic energy network to utilize its own natural gas supplies, the less coal it will eventually need to burn—making this strategic deal an eco-friendly one as well.

*5 The former Soviet republics in Central Asia would have massively benefited from more irrigation for their parched and desiccated lands such as the dried-up Aral Sea on the border of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

*6 Overexploitation of rivers for agriculture and industry has dried up at least half of China’s fifty thousand rivers while massively polluting the remaining rivers. Today China has only one-fifth the world’s average water availability per capita.

*7 China is also buying large stakes in Russian fertilizer companies such as Uralkali (the world’s largest potash producer) to get them to drop prices. It has even begun partnerships with Singaporean companies to jointly expand food-processing operations in Russia.

*8 One example is the blacklisted Khatam al-Anbiya (Sea of the Prophets), an Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps–owned conglomerate that controls oil, highways, and ports and has over $50 billion of contracts with the Iranian government, including a refinery, petrochemical plants, and pipelines at the South Pars field.

*9 Proposals have even been put forward to turn portions of the heavily fortified demilitarized zone into a nature park given its unique ecosystem of flora that has blossomed during decades of minimal human trespassing.

*10 Portugal, the first truly global empire, took its first colony, the Muslim city of Ceuta in North Africa, in 1514 and gave up its last colony, Macau, to China in 1999.

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