The Theory and Practice of Brewing Illustrated: Containing the Chemistry ... by William Littell Tizard

Author:William Littell Tizard
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Sold by the author
Published: 1846-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

2. Elevation. —^The reason of this influence has become quite apparent since the discovery of isothermal lines, or distances of ascent to give equal heat, dependent on the quantity of level land, or of water covering the earth's surface, which causes the range of superficial heat to be regulated, in a secondary sense, by its distance from the shore. For instance, the curve of congelation formed by the position of the freezing point, which is every where said to be at 32"* F. (though not correctly, as in the case of the boiling point, noticed at page 328), is said to touch the earth at the poles, but to be 3818 feet above the sea in latitude 60°, 6334 feet in 60^ 9001 in 40°, and 15,207 feet at the equator, taking the atmosphere at a mean temperature in each place. In the neighbourhood of Birmingham, or in latitude 62i°, if no local causes afiected it, this curve of congelation would be at an altitude of 5705 feet; but there are days on which the thermometer, in exposed situations in that latitude, falls as low as 7°, or 25° below the said freezing point, whereas on other days it rises to nearly 90°, as has been shewn, which is higher than the mean temperature at the equatorial level; but these excesses do not appear to happen in the Bavarian brewing circle and season, whereas Englishmen like to be doing throughout the year.

3. The Sea, or continental position with respect to it—^This consideration is greatly in favour of the British

climate, giving to certain localities a temperature deviating materially from the isothermal line. According to the researches of the great Humboldt, in the Hungarian interior of Europe, between 44° and 50* of latitude, where there is an extensive plain of 20,000 square miles, round which numbers of mountains rise from 5000 to 10,000 feet in altitude, the mean temperature for August is 76'6*; but at Dublin, and other places on the coast of Ireland, from 58** to 56" of latitude, it is 60-8**; yet in Himgary snow falls as early as September, and lies till June, and Ireland is remarkable for mild winters and green hills; and in Scotland, at Edinburgh, in latitude 56°, the winters are said to be as mild as those of Milan, in latitude 45}°; and though the elevated terraces of land which lie along the Carpathians are accounted healthy, yet Hungary is termed " the grave of the Grermans," Ax)m its inordinate and variable temperature ; and Dublin and Edinburgh brew famous malt beverage, but Hungary does not.

4. AsPBOT.—^The point towards which the country slopes, has a great influence on climate, of which the Bavarian northern inclination is a striking example; and " in the Vallais in Switzerland, the Alps are on the one side covered with ice, while vineyards and orchards flourish on the other." (Phys. Geog., p. 35, Society's Treatise.) The climate of the vale of Kendal, which stretches to the sea on one side,

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