The A to Z of the Mongol World Empire by Paul D. Buell
Author:Paul D. Buell
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Scarecrow Press
Published: 2003-03-14T16:00:00+00:00
— D —
DA ZONGZHENG FU . “Imperial Office of Clan Affairs.“ Although theoretically a relatively minor office for settling disputes between members of the imperial clan, this agency was the Yuan Dynasty equivalent of the office of the chief jarquci (q.v.), or yeke jarquci, of imperial times. By the end of the reign of Qubilai (q.v.), it had 46 subordinate jarquci operating throughout Mongol China (q.v.) and doing far more than settling disputes between clan members. This office is evidence of a divergence between the theory (as enunciated in Chinese sources) and practice of government in Mongol China.
DAI-SECHEN. See Dei-Secen.
DAIDU . See Peking.
DALAI. 1. “That which is unlimited, or lacks bounds.” 2. An “Ocean, an expanse of water.” 3. In the Ilqanate (q.v.), the dalai was the estate of the central establishment, that is of the qan, e.g., the yeke dalai, “the great estate.”
DALAI-YIN QAN. “Ocean Qan.” Title of Güyük (q.v.) in a seal on a letter sent to the Pope. It is also applied to Ögödei (q.v.) in the Secret History of the Mongols (q.v.). See also Qan; Titles.
DAMASCUS. Syrian metropolis and important target of Mongolian expansion. Damascus changed hands several times during Ilqanate (q.v.) wars with the Mamlūk (q.v.).
DARASUN. Wine, usually rice wine.
DARKHAN. See Darqan.
DARQAN. 1. “Free man, man freed from tax imposition.” 2. An artisan. See also Titles.
DARUQA. Alternative form of daruqaci (q.v.). See also Basqaq.
DARUQACI (DARUQA). Mongolian official, sent to take overall charge of conquered areas and peoples. Two varieties existed: those sent by the emperor, representing the central authority, and those appointed by princes and other powerful personages, to represent theirs. The former were usually yeke daruqaci, “imperial” or “great,” daruqaci. The term is usually understood to mean “the one pressing down [the seal],” implying that the daruqaci held ultimate authority in that no document was valid without his seal’s imprint, but this interpretation is contradicted by the Secret History of the Mongols (q.v.). There an equivalent verbal form simply means “repress,” “keep under control,” “keep down,” and this is probably the original meaning. Daruqaci were usually appointed from within the imperial bodyguard (see Kesikten) in the case of the qan, or from princely bodyguards or household establishments in the cases of others. In Qanate China, the hierarchy of the various daruqaci constituted a parallel administration running throughout the entire imperial governmental structure. See also Daruqa; Basqaq.
DATING. Mongolian dating was at first according to the cycle of 12 animals (see Animal Cycle), which repeats every 12 years. Later the Mongols adopted the dating systems of the sedentary peoples they conquered, most notably the Muslim calendar, and Chinese practices of dating by a cycle of 60, or by year periods (begun under Qubilai, q.v.).
DEI-SECEN. Mongolian chieftain. Dei-Secen was an ally of Yisügei (q.v.), father of Cinggis-qan (q.v.), and the father of Börte (q.v.), who was betrothed to Cinggis-qan shortly before Yesügei’s poisoning by the Tatar (q.v.). His gift to the young couple when they set up their household was a black ermine robe. It was later used by the young Cinggis as a gift to To’oril-qan, the Ong-qan (q.
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