SHORT NOTES GEOGRAPHY: GENERAL KNOWLEDGE SERIES: FOR ALL COMPETITIVE EXAMS SSC UPSC CDS RAILWAY STATE PSCs TET ARMY NAVY POLICE TEACHING CLERK by Publishers Rainbow

Author:Publishers, Rainbow [Publishers, Rainbow]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Published: 2019-02-07T16:00:00+00:00

The Solar System

➤ The solar system consists of the Sun, the eight planets and their satellites and various other smaller heavenly bodies such as asteroids, comets and meteors.

The Sun

➤ The sun is a star . It is the star around which the earth and other planets revolve. It is the nearest star to the earth.

➤ Light travelling at a speed of 300,000 km. per second, takes about 8 minutes to reach us from the Sun.

➤ The next nearest star to earth is “Alpha Centuari” .

➤ The Sun is mainly composed of hydrogen. The glowing surface of the Sun which we see is called ‘Photosphere’.

➤ Above the photospheres is the red cloud ‘Chromosphere’. Beyond the chromospheres is the ‘Corona’, which is visible during eclipses.

➤ The temperature of the photospheres is about 6000°C, that of the chromosphere about 32400°C, and that of the corona about 2,700,000°C.

➤ The core of the Sun has a temperature about 15 million degrees C.

➤ The dark lines in the corona are called ‘Fraunhofer lines’. The emission of hydrogen in all directions is called ‘Prominences ’ .

➤ Sometimes they roll out of the atmosphere to be seen as ‘Solar flares’.

➤ The outward stream of protons flowing out from the corona are called ‘Solar winds’, which is made up of plasma.

➤ The earth’s Magnetosphere or Van Allen belts, as they were earlier called, acts as a shield and deflects the Solar winds.

➤ ‘Sun spots’ are dark patches notched on the surface of the Sun. They appear dark because they are cooler i.e. they have a temperature of about 1500°C .

The Moon

➤ The Moon’s diameter is onefourth of Earth diameter.

➤ Circumference : 11000 km. approximately.

➤ Gravitational Pull in 1/6th of the Earth.

➤ Its orbit around the earth in elliptical orbit.

➤ Distance between the Earth and the Moon is 3,82500 km. approx. (According to NASA)

➤ The distance varies because it revolves around the Earth is an elliptical orbit.

➤ At Perigee the point at which the moon is closest to the Earth, the distance is approximately 3,60000 km .

➤ At Epogee the point at which the moon is farthest to the earth, the distance is approximately 4,05,000 km . (According to NASA).

➤ The Moon is 1/4th size of the Earth.

➤ The Moon take 27 day, 7 hrs, 43 min. and 11.47 sec. to complete one revolution around the Earth.

➤ The Moon in the only satellite of the Earth.

➤ The Moon rotates on its axis in exactly the same time as that of its revolution. That's why we see only one part of the moon.

➤ We can see only 59% of its surface.

➤ There is no atmosphere on the moon.

➤ The moon has no light of its own. It reflects sun light.

➤ The reflected light by the moon reaches on the Earth in 1.3 seconds .

➤ It has a low albedo (reflection).

➤ It reflects only 7% and the rest is absorbed by venus.

➤ Neil Armstrong and Aldrin reached the moon on 21, July 1969 . Through Apollo × 1.

➤ Landing spot is called ‘sea of tranquility’

➤ The black spot on the moon is called 'sea of tranquility.

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