Reading Comprehension & Essays GRE Strategy Guide, 3rd Edition (Manhattan Prep GRE Strategy Guides) by Manhattan Prep -

Author:Manhattan Prep, -
Language: eng
Format: mobi
Publisher: Manhattan Prep Publishing
Published: 2012-06-04T16:00:00+00:00

Because the question uses the words according to the passage, you should not try to draw any kind of inference. Rather, you should look for an answer that matches as closely as possible to the statements in the passage.

(A) Although these rounding errors are in fact errors, nothing in the passage indicates or implies that the model overall was built incorrectly.

(B) The errors were not deliberately included in the model. You know this from the passage's first sentence, which states that Lorenz found unexpected behavior in his model. It may be argued that the role of these errors is similar to the role of tiny fluctuations in atmospheric air currents—that is, they both introduce uncertainty that grows over time. However, this answer choice claims incorrectly that the errors were inserted on purpose.

(C) CORRECT. This answer choice corresponds very closely to the statement in the passage. Some synonyms have been used, but the meaning is the same: were imperceptibly small at first substitutes for tiny, and tended to grow substitutes for mushroomed over time.

(D) The passage indicates that the behavior of the model was unexpected. Nothing in the passage indicates that Lorenz expected the errors at all.

(E) The errors did not shrink but rather were mushrooming over time.

4. The passage mentions each of the following as an example or potential example of a chaotic or non-chaotic system EXCEPT

(A) a dough-mixing machine

(B) atmospheric weather patterns

(C) poppy seeds placed on top of an upside-down bowl

(D) poppy seeds placed in a right-side-up bowl

(E) fluctuating butterfly flight patterns

The passage mentions several examples of systems, both chaotic and non-chaotic, to illustrate the special characteristics of chaos. This question is an exercise in finding the references to the four wrong answers quickly.

(A) A dough-mixing machine is first mentioned at the beginning of the third paragraph as an example of chaos in action: Chaotic systems, such as a machine mixing bread dough…

(B) Atmospheric weather patterns as a system to be studied are mentioned in both the first and the last paragraphs. In the last paragraph, the passage states that the Earth's weather may be an example of a chaotic system.

(C) Poppy seeds placed on an upside-down bowl are described in the second paragraph as an example of a non-chaotic system that creates divergence.

(D) Poppy seeds placed in a bowl that is right-side-up are described in the second paragraph as an example of a non-chaotic system that creates convergence.

(E) CORRECT. Butterfly flight patterns are nowhere mentioned as a system. According to the last paragraph, the “Butterfly Effect” is caused by the flapping of a single butterfly's wings to potentially affect atmospheric systems.

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