Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar by Ansari Tahir Hussain.;

Author:Ansari, Tahir Hussain.;
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781000651522
Publisher: Taylor & Francis (CAM)
Published: 2020-02-27T16:00:00+00:00

NOTES

1.

Syed Hasan Askari and Qeyamuddin Ahmad, eds., The Comprehensive History of Bihar, vol. II, pt. I, Patna, KPJRI, 1983, p. 259.

2.

The Cheros were a semi-aboriginal or semi-Dravidian tribe who, with the Bhars and Sawars, dominated the province of Bihar, particularly the district of Shahabad, which according to Alexander Cunningham, may be identified with the ancient Kukradesh of the Puranas. Colonel Dalton found their affinity with the people speaking the Mundarian and Kolarian languages. Elliot Dowson considered them a branch of the Bhara tribe (D.L. Drake-Brockman, Mirzapur a Gazetteer, Allahabad, Superintendent, Government Press, 1911, vol. XXVII, p. 108). However, Francis Buchanan says that the Cheros belonged to the princes of the Sunaka family who ruled over the Kikat region (Magadha) in the time of Gautama Buddha (Francis Buchanan, An Account of the District of Shahabad, 1812–13, Patna, Bihar and Orissa Research Society, 1934, p. 40).

3.

According to a tradition, a Chero chief killed Mansur Hallaj Shahid, the eldest son of the Sufi saint, Shaikh Qadir Makhdum Owais, in southern Muzaffarpur. It is said that Mansur with his proselytizing zeal had attempted to erect a mosque on the ruins of a mound at Basarh and invited the wrath of the Chero chief. This incident probably took place in the thirteenth century. Traces of the forts and towns of the Chero rajas have been found elsewhere in the Chapra and Muzaffarpur districts (Askari and Qeyamuddin, eds., The Comprehensive History of Bihar, p. 260).

4.

See the chapter on the Ujjainias.

5.

A part of Chainpur appears to have been occupied by another chief.

6.

Vinayak Prasad, Tawarikh-i-Ujjainia, vol. II, pp. 32–3.

7.

Abbas Khan Sarwani, Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi, ed. and tr. S.M. Imamuddin, Dacca, University of Dacca, 1964, pp. 127–9, 135–6.

8.

Ahmad Yadgar Khan, Tarikh-i-Shahi, ed. M. Hidayat Hosain, Calcutta, Bibliotheca Indica, 1939, p. 191. Sarwani, Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi, p. 76.

9.

Rizkullah Mustaqui, Waqiat-i-Mustaqui, Rotograph, Dept. of History, AMU, Aligarh, 1929, p. 110.

10.

The three great works accomplished by Sher Shah were the destruction of Maharata Chero, the capture and destruction of Raisin, and the reestablishment of Islam in Nagor by the expulsion of Maldeo (Mustaqui, Waqiat-i-Mustaqui, p. 110).

11.

L.S.S. O’Malley, Bengal District Gazetteers, Palamau, vol. IX, Calcutta, Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, 1907, p. 157.

12.

Ibid., pp. 2–3, 6–9.

13.

Abul Fazl, Ain-i-Akbari, ed., Saiyid Ahmad Khan, Delhi, Private Press, 1856, p. 418.

14.

W.W. Hunter, A Statistical Account of Bengal, Hazaribagh and Lohardaga, London, Trübner & Co., 1877, vol. XVI, pp. 455–6.

15.

Askari and Qeyamuddin, eds., The Comprehensive History of Bihar, p. 269. O’Malley, Bengal District Gazetteers, Palamau, pp. 19–20.

16.

Abul Fazl, Akbarnama, ed. Maulvi Abdur Rahim, Calcutta, ASB, 1877, vol. III, p. 576.

17.

Askari and Qeyamuddin, eds., The Comprehensive History of Bihar, p. 268.

18.

Mirza Nathan, Baharistan-i-Ghaybi, tr. M. Islam Borah, Guwahati, Department of Historical and Antiquarian Studies, 1936, vol. I, p. 12.

19.

Askari and Qeyamuddin, eds., The Comprehensive History of Bihar, pp. 268–9.

20.

Vinayak Prasad, Tawarikh-i-Ujjainia, vol. II, pp. 28–33.

21.

For details see the chapter on the Ujjainias.

22.

Vinayak Prasad, Tawarikh-i-Ujjainia, vol. II, p. 28.

23.

Ibid., pp. 27–8.

24.

Ibid., pp. 28–9.

25.

Ibid., p. 28.

26.

Ibid., pp. 28–9.

27.

Askari and Qeyamuddin, eds., The Comprehensive History of Bihar, p. 269.

28.

Ibid.

29.

Ibid., p. 270.

30.

Ibid.

31.

Ibid.

32.

Ibid., p. 271. Medieval historians call him the son of Balbhadra, which was one of the titles of Medini Rai.

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