India-China Comparative Research by Erik Baark Jon Sigurdson

Author:Erik Baark, Jon Sigurdson [Erik Baark, Jon Sigurdson]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780415310642
Google: hR10uQEACAAJ
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group
Published: 2018-09-15T01:28:09+00:00

India and China: Global Implications

The most important global implications of India and China rest primarily on two factors: (1) nearly one third of all humanity belongs to these two countries; (2) both of them have acquired scientific-technological and military capabilities of significant magnitude.

India has always been open to world markets and technology, sometimes to her own detriment. India’s role in the international techno-economic order is going to increase considerably in coming years. Indian expertise is already being exported in sizeable measures to other countries of the Third World, especially in the Middle East. Export of manufactured items has also gained momentum in recent years to the point where India for the first time in her economic development has a favourable balance-of-payment position. This has been possible by a long-standing strategy of import substitution in the industrial sector, considerable increase in agricultural production during the last decade which has reduced the need for foodgrain imports, and various other measures to conserve foreign exchange. Agricultural research has by now established a tradition of making substantial contributions toward improved farm practices leading to higher yields. Indian industry is for the first time responding to the need for indigenous, in-house research and development as an additional measure of building self-reliance. The governmental research and development structure is being currently reorganized to make it more sensitive to the needs of society. Naturally, all of these measures will have some successes and some failures. But in any case, given the necessary political stability and leadership at the central and state government levels, India should make very rapid strides toward emerging as a viable self-reliant society within the next two decades to acquire a prominent position among the industrialized nations of the world. However, problems of overpopulation, poverty, malnutrition, and various other types of deprivations for the masses will remain - unless the age-old structure of vested interests, inequality, and exploitation is removed by redistributing wealth and related benefits among the weaker sections of society by means of effective social legislation and welfare programmes. If the Indian masses, or for that matter masses anywhere, remain poor and hungry, it will have repercussions for the entire world. If hunger has to be removed quickly and effectively from the world, rich nations will have to give up some of the luxuries of super-abundance, do something more concrete than show interest, pity and curiosity in the condition of the poor and the deprived, and give them something more than expert advice - not as charity but as moral responsibility. This would involve transfer of world capital and technology on a global basis, from high-capital, high-technology areas to low-capital, low-technology areas under an international safeguard system protecting the interests of both the receiving and supplying nations.

China has already gained a commanding position in the Third World. Due to her growing need for advanced technology and export markets, it would be foolish not to expect China to open up more and more to the rest of the world. The new Chinese leadership

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