Impact of Genetic Targets on Cancer Therapy by Wafik S. El-Deiry

Author:Wafik S. El-Deiry
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer New York, New York, NY

Keywords

AZD6244Drug resistanceMAPK signalingMelanomaPLX-4032 V600EB-Raf

Melanoma Background

Skin cancer is the most common malignancy in the United States [1]. Although melanoma represents a small subset, it is the most deadly cutaneous neoplasm and is an increasingly common malignancy affecting a younger population than most cancers. Melanoma is diagnosed more commonly in whites than non-whites with the lifetime risk of developing invasive melanoma being 2.04% for white men and 1.45% for white women [2]. In other words, about one in 74 Americans will be diagnosed with melanoma with the median age at diagnosis of 57 years. Numerous risk factors for development of melanoma have been identified, including white skin, fair hair, light eyes, sun sensitivity, tendency to freckle, family history of melanoma, dysplastic nevi, increased numbers of typical nevi, large congenital nevi and immunosuppression. Although sun exposure is a risk factor for melanoma, ­cutaneous melanomas can arise frequently in areas of the body not exposed to the sun. Sun exposure in childhood and having more than one blistering sunburn in childhood are associated with an increased risk of melanoma [3]. Table 1Classes of therapies and associated resistance patterns in targeted therapies most extensively studied to date

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