Andrological Evaluation of Male Infertility by Ashok Agarwal Sajal Gupta & Rakesh Sharma

Author:Ashok Agarwal, Sajal Gupta & Rakesh Sharma
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

(b)Neck and mid-piece defects include: absent tail, non-inserted or bent tail, distended/irregular, bent mid-piece, abnormally thin mid-piece, or any combination of these.

(c)Tail defects include: short, multiple, hairpin, broken, irregular width, coiled tails, tails with terminal droplets, or any combination of these. Extra-residual cytoplasm is usually located in the neck/mid-piece region of the tail, although some immature spermatozoa may have extra-residual cytoplasm at other locations along the tail. Extra-residual cytoplasm greater than 20 % of the area of a normal sperm head is abnormal.

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