Kim Philby

Author:Tim Milne [Tim Milne]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781849547239
Publisher: Biteback Publishing
Published: 2014-10-08T16:00:00+00:00

Notes

1. A classical scholar and Greek papyrologist who later became director of Oxford University Press. He published The Codex in 1954, subsequently expanded into The Birth of the Codex, which examined the process by which the codex – the traditional form of the Western book – replaced the scroll as the primary vehicle for literature. (Colin H. Roberts and T. C. Skeat, The Birth of the Codex, Oxford University Press, 1983.)

2. A German commando and specialist in unconventional warfare. Apart from his successful mission to free Mussolini, Skorzeny was the leader of Operation Greif in late 1944, where German soldiers fluent in English and wearing Allied uniforms infiltrated American lines. At the end of the war he was involved in the Werwolf stay-behind guerrilla network as well as the Odessa line, which helped fugitive Nazis escape to South America and the Middle East.

3. WOOD was Fritz Kolbe, a German diplomat who became America’s most important spy against the Nazis. In 1943 he became a diplomatic courier and on a visit to Berne, he offered secret documents to the British, who rebuffed his approach. He then went to the Americans, who realised that in Kolbe they had an agent of the highest quality. He was given the code-name GEORGE WOOD and Allen Dulles wrote of him, ‘George Wood was not only our best source on Germany but undoubtedly one of the best secret agents any intelligence service has ever had.’ (James Srodes, Alan Dulles: Master of Spies, Regnery, Washington DC, 1999.) After the war, Kolbe unsuccessfully applied to rejoin the German Foreign Office.

4. The first head of Germany’s post-war domestic intelligence agency. In 1954, he sensationally disappeared to East Berlin and was subsequently interrogated by the KGB in Moscow. Eighteen months later, he reappeared in West Berlin claiming he had been kidnapped by the Russians. He was tried for treason, found guilty and sentenced to four years’ imprisonment.

5. Patrick Seale and Maureen McConville, Philby: The Long Road to Moscow, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1973.

6. The Foreign Office official assigned as PA to the chief of SIS from 1943 to 1945. In 1994 he contributed a scholarly article to the journal Intelligence and National Security entitled ‘Five of Six at War: Section V of MI6’ (vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 345–53). For this article, Cecil had corresponded at some length with Felix Cowgill. Cecil makes the point that ISOS and ISK were vital sources and Cowgill, very conscious of the ‘need-to-know’ principle, was determined to restrict its circulation. When Trevor-Roper defied the restriction, Cowgill recommended to the chief that he be sacked. Cowgill’s wish to restrict circulation was neither arbitrary nor frivolous as another traitor, Anthony Blunt, then working in MI5, was one of the recipients of the ISOS and ISK material, but he went too far, restricting its availability to members of the Double Cross Committee in a way that hampered its operations. Regarding Philby, Cowgill commented that he ‘was recruited at a time when MI5 records were still in chaos. An MI5 trace was therefore of little value and Vivian may be excused for relying on his own judgement.

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