History of Modern India Complete Study Notes with Practice MCQ for UPSC and State PSC Prelims & Mains Exam by Prasad Rajendra

Author:Prasad, Rajendra [Prasad, Rajendra]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Published: 2018-12-22T16:00:00+00:00

Indian National Movements (1905 – 1916) – Swadeshi Movement, Rise of Extremism & Minto- Morley Reforms

Causes for the Rise of Extremism

Failure of the Moderates to win any notable success other than the expansion of the legislative councils by the Indian Councils Act (1892)

An all India famine in 1896, British did not take any famine relief measures approximately 90 lakh people died; moderates were unable to force British to take any measures.

Russo-Japanese war of 1904-05 in which Japan defeated the European power Russia.

This encouraged Indians to fight against the European nation, Britain.

Immediate cause → Reactionary rule of Lord Curzon

Calcutta Corporation Act, (1899) reducing the Indian control of this local body

Universities Act (1904) reduced the elected members in the University bodies & reduced the autonomy of the universities and made them government departments

Sedition Act and the Official Secrets Act (1904) reduced the freedoms of people & press

His worst measure was the Partition of Bengal (1905)

Partition of Bengal

Partition of Bengal in 1905 provided a spark for the rise of extremism in the Indian National Movement. The official reason given for the decision was that Bengal with a population of 78 million (about a quarter of the population of British India) had become too big to be administered.

This was true to some extent but Curzon’s real motives were -

To break the growing strength of Bengali nationalism since Bengal was the base of Indian nationalism.

To divide the Hindus and Muslims in Bengal.

To show the enormous power of the British Government in doing whatever it liked

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