Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Research by James Mary E.;

Author:James, Mary E.; [Mary E. James]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 1221502
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group

This is all rather reminiscent of some of the writing of the communist Antonio Gramsci who, in the 1930s, argued that:

our aim is to produce a new stratum of intellectuals, including those capable of the highest degree of specialization, from a social group which has not traditionally developed the appropriate attitudes . . .

(Gramsci, 1971: 43)

Gramsci was critical of reforms to education in Mussolini’s Italy, based on ‘active’ learning and ‘education’ rather than ‘instruction’. He believed that instead of being democratic, as the reforms were intended, they would perpetuate social differences. Based on his own experience of success at school and university, which is described by his editors as a triumph of intellectual purpose over ill-health, undernourishment and overwork, he advocated a traditional education which would:

take the child up to the threshold of his choice of job, forming him during this time as a person capable of thinking, studying, and ruling – or controlling those who rule.

(40)

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