Transparency in Biology by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9789811596278
Publisher: Springer Singapore

7.1.2 Mechanisms of Body Temperature Control (Mainly in Humans)

Human body temperature varies by the circadian rhythm [17–19], diets, lifestyles, hormones [19], aging, physical activities [18], and surrounding environments. The core temperature is regulated more constantly than the surface temperature, which is more easily influenced by the surroundings [20]. The body temperature is controlled by the balance between internal heat production (thermogenesis) and controlled heat dissipation. The thermogenesis occurs along with the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is so-called “molecular unit of currency” of intracellular energy transfer, at mitochondria, which are present at about 300–400 per cell (~2000 per hepatocyte) on average. Thus, body heat is generated mostly in deep organs, especially the liver, brain, and in contraction of heart and skeletal muscles, which are metabolically active and need much energy. The heat generated is distributed to the whole body by circulating blood (convection). Following, the heat dissipation occurs by the convection as well as conduction, radiation, and evaporation (Fig. 7.1).

Fig. 7.1Schematic image of heat transfer between the body and the environment. The body temperature is controlled by the balance between internal heat production (thermogenesis) and controlled heat dissipation. Thermal energy is provided by contraction of skeletal muscle, metabolism in internal organs, and radiation and conduction from the environment. The heat generated is distributed to the whole body by circulating blood (convection). Following, the heat dissipation occurs by the convection as well as conduction, radiation, and evaporation

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