Toddlers, Parents and Culture by Samuel P. Putnam

Author:Samuel P. Putnam [Putnam, Samuel P.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781351788847
Publisher: Taylor and Francis
Published: 2018-11-07T03:00:00+00:00

Results

As shown in Table 9.1, substantial cross-cultural effects for all variables were revealed through 2 (Sex) by 14 (Culture) Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs), with age as a covariate. Age effects indicated increased use of all techniques except hitting at older child ages. No sex effects were significant, although the Sex × Culture interaction was significant for withdrawing privileges. Tests of simple effects of sex by country for this technique indicated higher scores for parents of males than females in the Netherlands and (marginally) Belgium, but marginally higher scores for females in Turkey.

Examining the marginal means (available from volume editors), suggested that talking the issue over and asking the child to repair the damage were frequently used responses to misbehavior in all countries, with average scores in all countries suggesting that parents used these techniques sometimes or often (i.e., scores of 2 or 3 on the Daily Activities Questionnaire). In contrast, across the JETTC samples, shouting and hitting were infrequent, with many indicating these were used never or rarely (i.e., scores of 0 or 1).

TABLE 9.1 Effects of culture, age, and sex on discipline

Variable

Age

Culture

Sex

Culture × Sex

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