Ticks by Nicholas Johnson;

Author:Nicholas Johnson; [Johnson, Nicholas]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780323998475
Publisher: Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2023-01-09T07:47:27+00:00

Theileria ovis Rhipicephalus spp Africa, Asia No

Theileria lestoquardi ( also referred to as T. hirci in some studies) Hyalomma spp. Africa, Asia Yes

Theileria luwenshuni (formerly Theileria sp. 1 China) Haemaphysalis spp. Asia, Europe No

Theileria uilenbergi (formerly Theileria sp. 2 China) Haemaphysalis spp Asia No

Theilera separata Rhipicephalus spp Africa No

Theileria OT3 Haemaphysalis sp. Europe, Asia Unknown

Theileria MK Unknown Middle East (Turkey, Pakistan) Unknown

The Theileria species found across Europe are considered to be low- or nonpathogenic, although examples of disease outbreaks have been observed. During the 1970s and 1980s, Theileria species were detected in the United Kingdom livestock based on the observation of merozoites in blood smears and serological responses of animals following infection (Morzaria et al., 1974 and references therein). This was prior to the ability to sequence the genetic elements of the parasite. Recent detections of Theileria species in livestock suggest that there is another species present in the United Kingdom that can cause disease in sheep under certain circumstances (Phipps et al., 2016). Using molecular techniques, a range of studies in Europe have detected Theileria spp. in sheep in different countries. A survey of randomly selected animals from Spanish sheep flocks detected three Theileria species including T. ovis, Theileria sp. OT1 (subsequently T. luwenshuni), and species OT3 (Nagore et al., 2004). In South Croatia, T. ovis was detected in blood collected from healthy sheep and Rhipicephalus spp. ticks (Rhipicephalus turanicus and Rhipicephalus bursa), while Theileria sp. OT3 was detected in sheep with signs of piroplasmosis (Duh et al., 2008). A range of Theileria spp. were detected in both Haemaphysalis spp. ticks, sheep, and goats from a survey in Greece (Chaligiannis et al., 2018). Haemaphysalis parva but not H. punctata was associated with infection with T. annulata, T. ovis, and T. lestoquardi. A similar study investigating the presence of pathogens in ticks removed from animals including cattle, sheep, and foxes from sites across Romania only detected Theileria buffeli in two R. bursa removed from cattle (Andersson et al., 2017). In Portugal, Theileria spp. were detected in R. bursa removed from livestock (Ferrolho et al., 2016). These were tentatively identified as T. annulata and T. equi.

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