The Social Nature of Emotion Expression by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030329686
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Social Appraisal

Like appraisal more generally (e.g., Leventhal and Scherer 1987), social appraisal may involve a variety of different processes ranging from implicit cuing to explicit reasoning. However, most research has focused on a limited subset of these possible processes, specifically those activated by the explicit communication of information about discrete emotions and involving articulated inferences about this information. In the following sections, I discuss the implications of this research before suggesting that it is also worth considering other kinds of social-appraisal processes that involve more direct forms of on-line interpersonal calibration.

If social appraisal covers a multitude of possible processes, what gives the concept integrity and coherence? The answer is that it applies to a specific form of emotional influence corresponding roughly to the behavior-regulatory component of social referencing. To count as social appraisal, the interpersonal influence process must involve person A presenting object-directed emotional information in a way that can be registered by person B, and B appraising the object at which A’s emotion is directed in a way that factors in A’s apparent emotional orientation to that object. Thus, some interpersonal effects of emotion might not involve social appraisal at all. For example, any effects that do not depend on the object-directedness of emotion (e.g., emotion contagion, Hatfield et al. 1994) are not dependent on social appraisal because A’s emotion is not relevant to B’s object appraisal (Parkinson 2011). It is also possible to distinguish effects that result in B appraising a different object to the one at which A’s emotion is directed. For example, if I end up feeling worried about you rather than the thing you are worried about (interpersonal meta-emotion, e.g., Elfenbein 2007; Parkinson and Simons 2012), this does not involve the kind of direct calibration of orientations implied by either social appraisal or social referencing.

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