The Craft of Research, Fourth Edition by Booth Wayne C. & Colomb Gregory G. & Williams Joseph M. & Bizup Joseph & FitzGerald William T

Author:Booth, Wayne C. & Colomb, Gregory G. & Williams, Joseph M. & Bizup, Joseph & FitzGerald, William T.
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780226239873
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Published: 2016-10-06T16:00:00+00:00

11 Warrants

Warrants are general principles that connect reasons to claims. This chapter explains when and how to use them. In general, you should state your warrants only when your readers will not understand your argument without them or when you expect your readers to challenge your reasoning. When you write for experts in a field, you can leave most of your warrants unstated, because your readers will usually know them already and take them for granted.

Consider this argument:

The Russian Federation faces a falling standard of living,claim because its birthrate is only 13.2 per 1,000 and life expectancy for men is only about 63 years.reason

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