The AMA Dictionary of Business and Management by George Kurian

Author:George Kurian
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780814420294
Publisher: AMACOM

J

January effect Phenomenon in which companies with lower capitalization outperform large companies in the first month of the year.

Jaques, Elliott (1917–2003) Canadian psychoanalyst and organizational psychologist. He developed the notion of requisite organization from his stratified systems theory. He developed the concept of social systems as a defense against unconscious anxiety. He is also known for his concept of time-span of discretion, a measure of how much discretion an employee has. His books include The Changing Nature of a Factory: A Study of Authority and Participation in a Industrial Setting (1951), Measurement of Responsibility: A Study of Work, Payment and Individual Capacity (1956), Equitable Payment (1963), Product Analysis Pricing (1964), A General Theory of Bureaucracy (1976), Executive Leadership: A Practical Guide to Managing Complexity (1994), and Social Power and the CEO: Leadership and Trust in a Sustainable Free Enterprise System (2002).

Jargon Terminology or lingo used by a professional group, containing technical words and usage peculiar to that group.

J-curve In economics, a curve on a graph that depicts a small decrease in a variable, followed by a large increase.

JIT JUST-IN-TIME

Job 1. Discrete and identifiable piece of work with a beginning and completion, for which the worker is rewarded monetarily or otherwise. 2. Task assigned to a worker.

Job analysis Detailed study of a specific job, the tools and equipment needed, and the qualifications, experience, and aptitudes of the person best suited for it.

Jobber Distributer of goods, a middleman.

Jobbing Process by which small numbers of products are made to order, as distinguished from mass production.

Jobbing backwards Looking back on a transaction or event, weighing the alternatives not taken, and examining the deficiencies in information that resulted in problems.

Job component method In job evaluation, ranking of jobs on a hierarchical scale depending on the behavioral demands they impose.

Job description Official wording that states the title of a job, the qualifications of the job holder, its tasks and duties, the performance objectives, the reporting chain of command, remuneration, working hours, skills, and attributes required.

Job design General scope of a job from the perspective of the employer, including the competencies and personality traits required and the specific sequence of tasks. It reflects a balance between the personal needs of the employee, such as a healthy environment and work ethic, and the corporate needs of the employer, such as a well-defined responsibility, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness.

Job enlargement JOB DESIGN that focuses on the enhancement of motivation horizontally, by increasing the number and variety of tasks, and vertically, by giving the employee more autonomy and responsibility. Also JOB ENRICHMENT.

Job enrichment Change in the various component tasks of a job description so as to make the job more fulfilling and productive.

Job evaluation Assessment of the work, responsibilities, skills, and experience of workers on the basis of objective standards, with a view to setting proper and fair remuneration so that comparable tasks are rewarded comparably.

Job lock Situation in which benefits more than pay are the main attraction for an employee.

Job rotation Sequence of work that reduces boredom through the alternation of tasks, enabling workers to learn new skills and broaden their competence.

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